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The present study reveals that after<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>infection, LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice show a substantially reduced survival rate when compared to wild-type mice. LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice exhibit an increased parasite load and a more pronounced organ pathology. Also, a delayed increase of serum IL-12p40 and a failure of the protective IFN<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>response in LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were observed. Serum NO levels in LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>animals rose later and were markedly decreased compared to wild-type animals. At the transcriptional level, LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>animals exhibited a deregulated expression profile of several cytokines known to play a role in activation of innate immunity in<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection. Importantly, expression of the IFN<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>-regulated murine guanylate-binding protein (mGBP) genes was virtually absent in the lungs of LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. This demonstrates clearly that the LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R is essential for the induction of a type II IFN-mediated immune response against<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. The pronounced inability to effectively upregulate host defense effector molecules such as GBPs explains the high mortality rates of LT<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>R<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>animals after<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7375818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,6]],"date-time":"2017-08-06T21:02:15Z","timestamp":1502053335000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Lymphotoxin<i>\u03b2<\/i>Receptor Is Essential for Upregulation of IFN-Induced Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Survival after<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Behnke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich-Heine-University 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