{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:34:00Z","timestamp":1791311640873,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inappropriate use of antibiotics in clinical settings is thought to have led to the global emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were phenotypically identified using API 20E and then confirmed genotypically through amplification of the specific\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae phoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. All isolates were genotyped by the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction technique (ERIC-PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by a modified Kirby-Bauer method and broth microdilution. All resistant or intermediate-resistant isolates to either gentamicin or amikacin were screened for 7 different genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). In addition, all resistant or intermediate-resistant isolates to either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin were screened for 5 genes encoding the quinolone resistance protein (Qnr), 1 gene encoding quinolone-modifying enzyme, and 3 genes encoding quinolone efflux pumps. Biotyping using API 20E revealed 13 different biotypes. Genotyping demonstrated that all isolates were related to 2 main phylogenetic groups. Susceptibility testing revealed that carbapenems and tigecycline were the most effective agents. Investigation of genes encoding AMEs revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>acc(6<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic>)-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>acc(3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic>)-II<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>aph(3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic>)-IV,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ant(3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\u2032\n                    <jats:italic>)-I<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Examination of genes encoding Qnr proteins demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>qnrD,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>qnrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It was found that 61%, 26%, and 12% of quinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates harbored\n                    <jats:italic>acc(6<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032\n                    <jats:italic>)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>oqxAB,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>qebA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. The current study demonstrated a high prevalence of aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance genes among clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8050432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T17:07:26Z","timestamp":1496164046000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Molecular Identification of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes among\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    Clinical Isolates Recovered from Egyptian Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-3067","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"El-Badawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael M.","family":"Tawakol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaymaa W.","family":"El-Far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Administration of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Ministry of Health, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Maghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Al-Ghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moselhy S.","family":"Mansy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Shohayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"1","first-page":"16","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medtube Science"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.3.430-450.2003"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2010.08.003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-842"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060513475965"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00016-09"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PLAS-0006-2013"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3523-3525.2005"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12830"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1347"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.2.798-799.2003"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3332-3337.2004"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm167"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01144-12"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0181"},{"key":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"17","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Macro-and microdilution methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"18","first-page":"1","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"CLSI Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00841.x"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-58"},{"key":"21","first-page":"10","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Biotech Research"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/165637"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm204"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.04.001"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.06191-11"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01574-08"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3823\/773"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00099-14"},{"issue":"5","key":"29","first-page":"326","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"30","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017224"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/329541"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.01.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"34","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.062216-0"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.20935"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057091"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159418"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/518167"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/434391"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks377"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks086"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01534-08"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8050432.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8050432.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8050432.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T17:07:32Z","timestamp":1496164052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8050432\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["8050432","8050432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8050432","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-918X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}