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A joint policy of inspection-based preventive maintenance (PM) and spare ordering considering two modes of spare ordering, namely, a regular order and an emergency order, is proposed for single-unit systems using a three-stage failure process. If the system is recognized to be in the minor defective stage, the original inspection interval is shortened and a regular order is placed. However, replacement is undertaken preventively or correctively if the severe defective stage is identified or a failure occurs. Depending on the system state and the state of the regular ordered spare when replacement is needed, all possible scenarios are considered to construct optimization model<jats:italic> I<\/jats:italic>. The decision variables are the optimal inspection interval and the times of shortening the original inspection interval. Additionally, model<jats:italic> II <\/jats:italic>on the basis of an assumption that the spare is always ordered at time 0 is also developed. The results from a numerical example illustrated the applicability and the effectiveness of model <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> compared to model<jats:italic> II<\/jats:italic>, and the irregular inspection policy is validated to be cost-saving compared to the regular inspection policy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8319485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T23:31:59Z","timestamp":1511393519000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Joint Inspection-Based Preventive Maintenance and Spare Ordering Optimization Policy Using a Three-Stage Failure Process"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0548-9787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"},{"name":"Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2442-0136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengfeng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-1703","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenghua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7969-2040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianshe","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2005.09.012"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.07.042"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JQME-12-2012-0044"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.11.029"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800310106","volume":"31","year":"1984","journal-title":"Naval Research Logistics Quarterly"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(02)00154-0"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2012.07.010"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215x.2010.512084"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.04.022"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09720510.2014.927609"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1976.5220037"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/24.974128"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002077201300029665"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","first-page":"132","volume":"159","journal-title":"International Journal of Systems Science"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2013.03.017"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-011-0864-9"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07408179608966288"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"143","volume":"30","year":"1998","journal-title":"Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE). 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