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The objective of this study is to investigate the resistance genes responsible for ESBL-producing<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>species and carbapenemase-producing<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>(CRE) isolated in Mthatha and to study their epidemiology. A prospective, descriptive study of 202 nonrepetitive samples from patients was obtained from Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital. The cultured<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the polymerase chain reaction of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CTX-M<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">P<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>genes. Overall<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>were the majority with 169 (83.7%) species isolates, followed by<jats:italic>K. oxytoca<\/jats:italic>with 29 (14.4%), while<jats:italic>K. ozaenae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Raoultella ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic>were 2 (0.9%) each. The prevalence of ESBL production in all<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>species was 117 (57.9%). ESBL-genotypic resistance is driven in Mthatha by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>121 (77.1%) followed by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>105 (66.9%) and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CTX-M<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>at 89 (56.7%). The most common ESBL genotype combination among the<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>was<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math>+<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CTX-M<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>at 79 (50.3%). There is a steady increase in the rate of ESBL genes in the last five years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8486742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T16:06:41Z","timestamp":1485792401000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Molecular Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of<i>Klebsiella<\/i>Isolates in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7859-1320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Vasaikar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha, Eastern Cape 5117, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Obi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Affairs, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Morobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Mobutu Drive, P.O. Box 80462, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Bisi-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2012.10.004"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02690-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"3","first-page":"311","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4","first-page":"2161","volume":"2","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095181"},{"issue":"11","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.11.947","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"},{"key":"8","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection Ecology & Epidemiology"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt027"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.01.010"},{"issue":"6","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.6.1350","volume":"42","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/samj.7617"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/10158782.2007.11441276","volume":"22","year":"2007","journal-title":"South African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0732-8893(01)00353-4"},{"key":"16","series-title":"Approved Standard M7-A7","year":"2008"},{"key":"17","series-title":"Approved Standard-M02-A11, vol. 32, no. 1 Replaces M02-A10, vol. 29, no. 1","year":"2010"},{"key":"18","volume":"28, no. 1","year":"2008"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt136"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01208.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/10158782.2011.11441461","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt500"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.078"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.2.611-614.2002"},{"issue":"8","key":"25","first-page":"650","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"African Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"26","first-page":"586","volume":"98","year":"2008","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139116"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8486742.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8486742.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8486742.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T23:26:42Z","timestamp":1568762802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2017\/8486742\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["8486742","8486742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8486742","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-918X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}