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In this study, we evaluated the effects of water\u2010soluble polysaccharides extracted from <jats:italic>M. officinalis<\/jats:italic> (MOPs) on gonadotropin\u2010release hormone (GnRH) secretion in a classic experimental left VC (ELV) rat model. Intragastric administration of MOPs at a dose ranging from 50\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> to 100\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> facilitated improvements in sperm parameters and seminiferous epithelial structures, modulated serum hormone profiles, and stimulated GnRH synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. MOPs also promoted spinogenesis and functional spine maturation in the arcuate nuclei (Arc), wherein they acted mainly on Kiss1 and GnRH neurons. Moreover, MOP\u2010mediated Kisspeptin\u2010GPR54 pathway upregulation and MAPK phosphorylation activation may have been responsible for increases in GnRH synthesis and release. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that MOPs were effective in stimulating GnRH secretion, possibly by upregulating the Kiss1\/GPR54 pathway and enhancing synaptic plasticity, and that MOPs can serve as a therapy for early VCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9057959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T21:02:26Z","timestamp":1505941346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Morinda Officinalis<\/i> Polysaccharides Stimulate Hypothalamic GnRH Secretion in Varicocele Progression"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8552-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-3510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e328358e115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.10030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.5.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000139907.04210.2a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66014-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597109133569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00793-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/144.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Prevalence of varicocele in young Israeli men.","volume":"20","author":"Alcalay J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59432-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357055902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)02331-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200900396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00730-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic China","author":"China Pharmacopoeia Committee","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","first-page":"340","article-title":"Morinda officialis how extract improves microwave-induced reproductive impairment in male rats","volume":"19","author":"Wang F.-J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/360730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5365291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"The mammalian GnRH gene and its pivotal role in reproduction","volume":"43","author":"Seeburg P. 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