{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:19:55Z","timestamp":1761844795194,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16YJCZH157","71764020","2015BS0707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16YJCZH157","71764020","2015BS0707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16YJCZH157","71764020","2015BS0707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16YJCZH157","71764020","2015BS0707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16YJCZH157","71764020","2015BS0707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16YJCZH157","71764020","2015BS0707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"The ability to quantitatively evaluate the visual feedback of drivers has been considered as the primary research for reducing crashes in snow and ice environments. Different colored Chevron alignment signs cause diverse visual effect. However, the effect of Chevrons on visual feedback and on the driving reaction while navigating curves in SI environments has not been adequately evaluated. The objective of this study is twofold: (<\/mml:mo>1<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> an effective and long-term experiment was designed and developed to test the effect of colored Chevrons on drivers\u2019 vision and vehicle speed; (<\/mml:mo>2<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> a new quantitative effect evaluation model is employed to measure the effect of different colors of the Chevrons. Fixation duration and pupil size were used to describe the driver\u2019s visual response, and Cohen\u2019s d<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> was used to evaluate the colors\u2019 psychological effect on drivers. The results showed the following: (<\/mml:mo>1<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> after choosing the proper color for Chevrons, drivers reduced the speed of the vehicle while approaching the curves. (<\/mml:mo>2<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> It was easier for drivers to identify the road alignment after setting the Chevrons. (<\/mml:mo>3<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> Cohen\u2019s d<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> related to different colors of Chevrons have different effect sizes. The conclusions provide evident references for freeway warning products and the design of intelligent vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9168525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T19:32:08Z","timestamp":1507750328000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Sensor-Based Visual Effect Evaluation of Chevron Alignment Signs\u2019 Colors on Drivers through the Curves in Snow and Ice Environment"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-9204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"},{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, No. 7 Aerding, Baotou, China"},{"name":"College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoxin","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jizhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Troy","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5","first-page":"86","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Safety Science Journal"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.09.922"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.12.007"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.03.036"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.07.243","volume":"138","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"76","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integrated Transport"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00020-8"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/41.649946"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(00)00037-0"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2014.04.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"331","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2003.09.003"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.03.009"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2365-02"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.12.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"22","first-page":"149","volume":"22","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.08.059"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.12.002"},{"year":"2013","key":"25"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2017\/9168525.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2017\/9168525.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2017\/9168525.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T19:32:15Z","timestamp":1507750335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2017\/9168525\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["9168525","9168525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/9168525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-725X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-7268"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}