{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:22:50Z","timestamp":1764332570507,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONICYT-PCHA\/Doctorado Nacional","award":["2014-63140077","1150365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-63140077","1150365"]}]},{"name":"CONICIT and MICIT Costa Rica","award":["2014-63140077","1150365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-63140077","1150365"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005298","name":"Universidad de Costa Rica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-63140077","1150365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-63140077","1150365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CONICYT\/FONDECYT","award":["2014-63140077","1150365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-63140077","1150365"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pain is usually measured through patient reports during doctor visits, but it requires regular evaluation under real-life conditions to be resolved effectively. Over half of older adults suffer from pain. Chronic conditions such as this one may be monitored through technology; however, elderly users require technology to be specifically designed for them, because many have cognitive and physical limitations and lack digital skills. The purpose of this article is to study whether mobile or wearable devices are appropriate to self-report pain levels and to find which body position is more appropriate for elderly people to wear a device to self-report pain. We implemented three prototypes and conducted two phases of evaluation. We found that users preferred the wearable device over the mobile application and that a wearable to self-report pain should be designed specifically for this purpose. Regarding the placement of the wearable, we found that there was no preferred position overall, although the neck position received the most positive feedback. We believe that the possibility of creating a wearable device that may be placed in different positions may be the best solution to satisfy users\u2019 individual preferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9302328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T18:34:24Z","timestamp":1509993264000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Helping Elderly Users Report Pain Levels: A Study of User Experience with Mobile and Wearable Interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Iyubanit","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Cajamarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-6507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valeria","family":"Herskovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine School, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"volume":"3","year":"2011","series-title":"Global Observatory for eHealth Series","key":"1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.4.423"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.029"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-013-1358-3"},{"journal-title":"New Directions for Methodology of Social & Behavioral Science","year":"1983","key":"10"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.79.11.1554"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030802260106400305"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-011-0107-2"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3951"},{"issue":"4, article no. 489","key":"22","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacy Practice"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07485-6_12"},{"year":"2016","key":"26"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2016.07.008"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2017.may.12"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1064804616645488"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721416678076"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.4225"},{"issue":"2","key":"34","first-page":"161","volume":"1","year":"June 2005","journal-title":"J. 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