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The RPR extract was evaluated by APTT, TT, PT, and FIB assays in vitro. Results indicated that RPR extract exhibited the anticoagulant activity. In order to find active compounds, six compounds were isolated and identified, and four compounds, paeoniflorin (Pae), pentagalloylglucose (Pen), albiflorin (Ali), and protocatechuic acid (Pro), exhibited the anticoagulant activity in vitro. Therefore, the antithrombosis effects of RPR extract and four active compounds were investigated in vivo by measuring whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), APTT, PT, TT, and FIB. Meanwhile, the levels of TXB<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 6-Keto-PGF<jats:sub>1<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>, eNOS, and ET-1 were detected. Results suggested that RPR extract and four active compounds had the inhibition effect on thrombus formation, and the antithrombotic effects were associated with the regulation of vascular endothelium active substance, activating blood flow and anticoagulation effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9475074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T16:19:57Z","timestamp":1487261997000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Antithrombotic Effect and Mechanism of Radix Paeoniae Rubra"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Pingyao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng 475004, 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