{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:25:25Z","timestamp":1740144325146,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introductions<\/jats:italic>. [<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-methyl-C-11]<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-Methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) is an artificial amino acid radiotracer used for PET study, which is metabolically stable in vivo. In addition, MeAIB is transported by system A neutral amino acid transport, which is observed ubiquitously in all types of mammalian cells. It has already been shown that MeAIB-PET is useful for malignant lymphoma, head and neck cancers, and lung tumors. However, there have been no reports evaluating the usefulness of MeAIB-PET in the diagnosis of brain tumors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of system A amino acid transport PET imaging, MeAIB-PET, in clinical brain tumor diagnosis compared to [S-methyl-C-11]-L-methionine (MET)-PET.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Thirty-one consecutive patients (male: 16, female: 15), who were suspected of having brain tumors, received both MeAIB-PET and MET-PET within a 2-week interval. All patients were classified into two groups: Group A as a benign group, which included patients who were diagnosed as low-grade astrocytoma, grade II or less, or other low-grade astrocytoma (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>12<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and Group B as a malignant group, which included patients who were diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), or recurrent GBM despite prior surgery or chemoradiotherapy (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>19<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). PET imaging was performed 20\u2009min after the IV injection of MeAIB and MET, respectively. Semiquantitative analyses of MeAIB and MET uptake using SUVmax and tumor-to-contralateral normal brain tissue (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>) ratio were evaluated to compare these PET images. ROC analyses for the diagnostic accuracy of MeAIB-PET and MET-PET were also calculated.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. In MeAIB-PET imaging, the SUVmax was 1.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.29 for the benign group and 2.94\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22 for the malignant group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and the<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>ratio was 3.77\u2009\u00b1\u20092.39 for the benign group and 16.83\u2009\u00b1\u20092.39 for the malignant group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). In MET-PET, the SUVmax was 3.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.94 for the benign group and 4.72\u2009\u00b1\u20091.61 for the malignant group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and the<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>ratio was 2.64\u2009\u00b1\u20091.40 for the benign group and 3.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.14 for the malignant group (<jats:italic>n.s.<\/jats:italic>). For the analysis using the<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>ratio, there was a significant difference between the benign and malignant groups with MeAIB-PET with<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. The result of ROC analysis using the<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>ratio indicated a better diagnosis accuracy for MeAIB-PET for brain tumors than MET-PET (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. MeAIB, a system A amino acid transport-specific radiolabeled agents, could provide better assessments for detecting malignant type brain tumors. In a differential diagnosis between low-grade and high-grade astrocytoma, MeAIB-PET is a useful diagnostic imaging tool, especially in evaluations using the<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>ratio.<jats:italic>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:italic>. This trial was registered with<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr_e\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000037061\">UMIN000032498<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1292746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T23:30:37Z","timestamp":1529537437000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential Diagnosis between Low-Grade and High-Grade Astrocytoma Using System A Amino Acid Transport PET Imaging with C-11-MeAIB: A Comparison Study with C-11-Methionine PET Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-4611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Nishii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), QST, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"},{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-4737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), QST, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Kagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Arimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Kishibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, 2 Otowachinjicho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Saiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, 1-1-35 Nagara, Otsu, Shiga 520-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 ShogoinKawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chio","family":"Okuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Hojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Munemitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Kanazawa University, 5-10-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-10-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Nagamachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 ShogoinKawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72718-7_9"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","first-page":"432","volume":"42","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3","first-page":"173","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.12.022"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2007.01.001"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.1.g99ja0761"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-014-0720-9"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2013.02.010"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","first-page":"1211","volume":"32","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03165656"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.1.43"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","first-page":"150","volume":"47","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"13","first-page":"1160","volume":"39","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590100548"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.008"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-1010-3"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-0921-3"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-013-0750-4"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-016-1098-3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1344(200009)43:10<1013::aid-jlcr387>3.3.co;2-8"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.061341"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-008-9154-7"},{"issue":"9","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)97187-5","volume":"240","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1983.2"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0847-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"26","first-page":"1948","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590050294"},{"issue":"11","key":"28","first-page":"1809","volume":"30","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1536-1632(01)00010-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"30","first-page":"399","volume":"40","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-010-0398-2"}],"container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmi\/2018\/1292746.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmi\/2018\/1292746.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmi\/2018\/1292746.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:06:52Z","timestamp":1661479612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmi\/2018\/1292746\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["1292746","1292746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1292746","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-4309","1555-4317"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1555-4309"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1555-4317"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]}}}