{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T10:08:11Z","timestamp":1749204491266,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["UGC\/FDS13\/E04\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UGC\/FDS13\/E04\/14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An accurate and efficient eye detector is essential for many computer vision applications. In this paper, we present an efficient method to evaluate the eye location from facial images. First, a group of candidate regions with regional extreme points is quickly proposed; then, a set of convolution neural networks (CNNs) is adopted to determine the most likely eye region and classify the region as left or right eye; finally, the center of the eye is located with other CNNs. In the experiments using GI4E, BioID, and our datasets, our method attained a detection accuracy which is comparable to existing state-of-the-art methods; meanwhile, our method was faster and adaptable to variations of the images, including external light changes, facial occlusion, and changes in image modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1439312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,22]],"date-time":"2018-04-22T19:30:36Z","timestamp":1524425436000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Real Time Eye Detector with Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Chu Hai College of Higher Education, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-7552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chu Hai College of Higher Education, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7831469"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7571043"},{"volume-title":"Pediatric Ophthalmology, Neuro-ophthalmology, Genetics: Strabismus-new Concepts in Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","year":"2010","key":"4"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.251"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.08.008"},{"journal-title":"Visapp11","first-page":"125","year":"2011","key":"7"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2014.10.007"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.24.6.063007"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.22.3.033033"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102829"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.01.023"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2016.10.003"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1320780"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8718956"},{"year":"2016","key":"19"},{"year":"2016","key":"20"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501643.2501647"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45344-x_14"},{"first-page":"91","volume-title":"Faster R-CNN: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal network","year":"2015","key":"25"}],"container-title":["Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/acisc\/2018\/1439312.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/acisc\/2018\/1439312.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/acisc\/2018\/1439312.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,22]],"date-time":"2018-04-22T19:30:38Z","timestamp":1524425438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/acisc\/2018\/1439312\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["1439312","1439312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1439312","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-9724"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-9732"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}