{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:43:45Z","timestamp":1740149025652,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hash-based signatures are gaining attention as one of the alternatives that can replace current digital signatures that are not secure against an attack by quantum computers along with lattice-based signatures, multivariate signatures, and code-based signatures. Up to now, all hash-based signatures have used binary representations to generate signatures. In this paper, we propose using the nonadjacent form (NAF) when generating signatures in hash-based signatures. Concretely, we propose a hash-based signature scheme, WSS-N, which is obtained by applying nonadjacent forms (NAF) to the Winternitz signature scheme. We prove that WSS-N is existentially unforgeable under chosen message attacks in the standard model. And we show that WSS-N needs less hash function calls compared to the Winternitz signature scheme using the binary representation, WSS-B. For a specific parameter with a 256-bit security, we can see that WSS-N generates signatures faster than WSS-B by 8%. Finally, we implement both WSS-N and WSS-B and show that WSS-N generates signatures faster than WSS-B on a desktop computer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1452457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T19:30:33Z","timestamp":1529609433000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Winternitz Signature Scheme Using Nonadjacent Forms"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3153-7308","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongyoung","family":"Roh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Security Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-6820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangim","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Security Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daesung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Security Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0097539795293172"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46800-5_15"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38553-7_10"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-34805-0_21"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02254791"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44647-8_21"},{"key":"10"}],"container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/1452457.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/1452457.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/1452457.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T19:30:34Z","timestamp":1529609434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/1452457\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["1452457","1452457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1452457","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1939-0114"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-0122"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]}}}