{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T23:01:20Z","timestamp":1776207680164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":176,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new integration of wireless communication technologies into the automobile industry has instigated a momentous research interest in the field of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) security. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are set up, aiming to offer promising applications for efficient and safe communication for future automotive technology. Vehicular networks are unique in terms of characteristics, challenges, architecture, and applications. Consequently, security requirements related to vehicular networks are more complex as compared to mobile networks and conventional wireless networks. This article presents a survey about developments in vehicular networks from the perspective of lightweight cryptographic protocols and privacy preserving algorithms. Unique characteristics of vehicular networks are presented which make the embedded security applications computationally hard as well as memory constrained. The current study also deals with the fundamental security requirements, essential for vehicular communication. Furthermore, awareness of security threats and their cryptographic solutions in terms of future automotive industry are discussed. In addition, asymmetric, symmetric, and lightweight cryptographic solutions are summarized. These strategies can be enhanced or incorporated all in all to meet the security perquisites of future cars security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1640167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T23:30:56Z","timestamp":1530055856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Lightweight Cryptographic Techniques for Automotive Cybersecurity"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9590-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmer Khan","family":"Jadoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8418-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Licheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3678-8402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Azam","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its:20060081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2774439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2012.6194402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TrivediH. VeeraraghavanP. LokeS. DesaiA. andSinghJ. Routing mechanisms and cross-layer design for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Informatics March 2011 243\u2013248 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isci.2011.5958921 2-s2.0-80052108152.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCI.2011.5958921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.mejsr.2013.15.5.11215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AhmedS.andKanereS. S. SKVR: Scalable knowledge-based routing architecture for public transport networks Proceedings of the Third ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET \u203206) September 2006 92\u201393 2-s2.0-34247388898.","DOI":"10.1145\/1161064.1161082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2010.033010.00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2008.4625806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6189418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2009.2017545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TielertT. JiangD. ChenQ. DelgrossiL. andHartensteinH. Design methodology and evaluation of rate adaptation based congestion control for vehicle safety communications Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC \u203211) November 2011 116\u2013123 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/vnc.2011.6117132 2-s2.0-84857572286.","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC.2011.6117132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2275014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Survey on security challenges in VANET 1","volume":"2","author":"Dhamgaye A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Network"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-010-9400-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2004.1265539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","volume-title":"Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice","author":"Rappaport T. S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2014.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2009.6388411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2257188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"The TESLA broadcast authentication protocol","volume":"5","author":"Perrig A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rsa Cryptobytes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2015.2439292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YeZ. KrishnamurthyS. andTripathiS. A framework for reliable routing in mobile ad hoc networks Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE INFOCOM \u203203) 2003 San Francisco Calif USA 270\u2013280 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INFCOM.2003.1208679.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2003.1208679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","unstructured":"MarinaM. K.andDasS. R. On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP \u203201) November 2001 14\u201323 2-s2.0-0035703920."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WiedersheimB. MaZ. KarglF. andPapadimitratosP. Privacy in inter-vehicular networks: why simple pseudonym change is not enough Proceedings of the IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services (WONS \u203210) February 2010 176\u2013183 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/wons.2010.5437115 2-s2.0-77952124972.","DOI":"10.1109\/WONS.2010.5437115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2007.071007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butty\u00e1nL. HolczerT. WeimerskirchA. andWhyteW. SLOW: a practical pseudonym changing scheme for location privacy in VANETs Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC \u203209) October 2009 Tokyo Japan IEEE 1\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/vnc.2009.5416380 2-s2.0-77951259549.","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC.2009.5416380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WeiY.andChenY. Safe distance based location privacy in vehicular networks Proceedings of the 71st Vehicular Technology Conference May 2010 Taipei Taiwan 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VETECS.2010.5494209.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2010.5494209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2014.2321747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2015.2399291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2802783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2753244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GuetteG.andDucourthialB. On the Sybil attack detection in VANET Proceedings of the Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS \u203207) October 2007 1\u20136 2-s2.0-50249136655.","DOI":"10.1109\/MOBHOC.2007.4428742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JCS-2007-15103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-KahtaniM. S. Survey on security attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS \u203212) December 2012 Queensland Australia 1\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icspcs.2012.6507953 2-s2.0-84880317177.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS.2012.6507953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"A review: analysis of various attacks in VANET","volume":"7","author":"Sharma S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44647-8_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChimT. W. YiuS. M. HuiL. C. andLiV. O. Security and privacy issues for inter-vehicle communications in VANETs Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops (SECON Workshops\u2019 09) June 2009 Rome Italy 1\u20133 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SAHCNW.2009.5172962.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCNW.2009.5172962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KimY. KimI. andShimC. Y. A taxonomy for DOS attacks in VANET Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT \u203214) September 2014 26\u201327 2-s2.0-84922847702.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2014.7011862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","first-page":"1508","article-title":"A survey on black hole & gray hole attacks detection scheme for vehicular ad-hoc network","volume":"04","author":"Rathod A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2502322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PradoA. RujS. andNayakA. Enhanced privacy and reliability for secure geocasting in VANET Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC \u203213) June 2013 1599\u20131603 2-s2.0-84891369687.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6654743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20166305020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2605799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799854"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2789219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2607692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2751105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2604383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2004.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LuR. LinX. ZhuH. HoP.-H. andShenX. ECPP: efficient conditional privacy preservation protocol for secure vehicular communications Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Communications Society Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM \u203208) April 2008 1229\u20131237 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom.2007.179 2-s2.0-51349156734.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2008.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangC. LuR. LinX. HoP.-H. andShenX. An efficient identity-based batch verification scheme for vehicular sensor networks Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Communications Society Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM \u203208) April 2008 246\u2013250 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INFOCOM.2007.58 2-s2.0-51449098979.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2008.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2238566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2473820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-013-0543-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2809426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2809684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangC. LinX. LuR. andHoP.-H. RAISE: an efficient RSU-aided message authentication scheme in vehicular communication networks Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC \u203208) May 2008 1451\u20131457 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2008.281 2-s2.0-51249100419.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2008.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.080280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ParuchuriV.andDurresiA. PAAVE: protocol for anonymous authentication in vehicular networks using smart cards Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM \u203210) December 2010 1\u20135 2-s2.0-79551633432.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","first-page":"911","article-title":"Performance analysis of cryptography methods for secure message exchanging in VANET","volume":"5","author":"Alimohammadi M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HuangW. XiongY. andChenD. DAAODV: a secure ad-hoc routing protocol based on direct anonymous attestation Proceedings of the 7th IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE \u201909) August 2009 809\u2013816 2-s2.0-70749093993.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSE.2009.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2011.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AdamsC. The CAST-128 encryption algorithm 1997 https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=RFC2144 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17487\/rfc2144.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SanzgiriK. DahillB. LevineB. N. ShieldsC. andBelding-RoyerE. M. A secure routing protocol for ad hoc networks Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP \u203202) November 2002 Paris France IEEE 78\u201387 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icnp.2002.1181388 2-s2.0-84904904836.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2002.1181388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MutalikP. NagarajS. VedavyasJ. BiradarR. V. andPatilV. G. C. A comparative study on AODV DSR and DSDV routing protocols for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in metro cities for road traffic safety using VANET route traffic analysis (VRTA) Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (ICAECCT \u203216) December 2016 383\u2013386 2-s2.0-85021410042.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAECCT.2016.7942618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-004-4744-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZapataM. G.andAsokanN. Securing ad hoc routing protocols Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Wireless Security September 2002 Atlanta GA USA 1\u201310 2-s2.0-0036980294.","DOI":"10.1145\/570681.570682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4473093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2220352.2220353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ManviS. S. KakkasageriM. S. andAdigaD. G. Message authentication in vehicular ad hoc networks: ECDSA based approach Proceedings of the International Conference on Future Computer and Communication (ICFCC \u203209) April 2009 16\u201320 2-s2.0-70449338849.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFCC.2009.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenC. WangX. HanW. andZangB. A robust detection of the sybil attack in urban VANETs Proceedings of the 29th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCS Workshops \u203209) June 2009 Montreal Quebec Canada 270\u2013276 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDCSW.2009.48.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCSW.2009.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_2","first-page":"2278","article-title":"A holistic protocol for secure data transmission in VANET","volume":"2","author":"TamilSelvan K. S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-58108-1_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transfun.E93.A.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.243431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2008.921908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2011.2176311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2132130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2012.2184075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2147314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2301233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.130909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.130911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2012.2208579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WanJ. LopezA. B. andAl FaruqueM. A. Exploiting wireless channel randomness to generate keys for automotive cyber-physical system security Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS \u203216) April 2016 Vienna Austria 1\u201310 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCPS.2016.7479103.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCPS.2016.7479103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2557784"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/1640167.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/1640167.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/1640167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T10:29:56Z","timestamp":1751711396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/1640167"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/1640167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1640167","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-8669","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1640167"}}