{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T15:10:30Z","timestamp":1762009830373,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Meditation has been included in mental health care and the treatment of hypertension and pain. Zazen is a method of entering the meditative state. We have carried out R&amp;D on a wearable system (earable ZEN) that casually and simply allows the subject to perform zazen without going to a temple or even having a zazen monitor present. In zazen, it is important to prepare one\u2019s breathing and posture. The earable ZEN is comprised of an earphone-type sensor (ear sensor) for measuring the breathing and posture of the user, a miniature actuator (neck belt) for communicating disturbances in the breathing and posture of the user, and a microcomputer. In an evaluation experiment, disturbance in breathing was simulated as \u201cdeep mouth breathing\u201d and disturbance in posture was simulated as \u201cnodding\u201d. The average <jats:italic>accuracy<\/jats:italic> value for seven healthy subjects wearing the earable ZEN was 99.9% for mouth breathing and 100% for nodding. In the same way, the average <jats:italic>precision<\/jats:italic> value was 98.7% for mouth breathing and 100% for nodding, with an average <jats:italic>recall<\/jats:italic> value of 97.1% for mouth breathing and 100% for nodding. None of the subjects considered the ear sensor and neck belt to be an obstacle to zazen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1838563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T23:30:28Z","timestamp":1544571028000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Earable ZEN: Development of an Earphone-Type Zazen Support Wearable System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5774-5124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-1726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Biological and Medical Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000416014.53215.86"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291709991747"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0307"},{"year":"1934","key":"4"},{"year":"1970","key":"5"},{"year":"2002","key":"6"},{"year":"2002","key":"7"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1379-3"},{"key":"17","first-page":"51","volume":"9","year":"1957","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement"},{"key":"18","first-page":"52","volume":"18","year":"1959","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement"},{"key":"19","first-page":"76","volume":"62","year":"1960","journal-title":"Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1966.tb02646.x"},{"first-page":"170","volume-title":"An electroencephalographicstudyonthezen (Zazen)","year":"1969","key":"21"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1994.tb03090.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-014-0637-x"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.06.103"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030733"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6161525"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020252"},{"year":"2015","key":"31"}],"container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2018\/1838563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2018\/1838563.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2018\/1838563.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T23:30:30Z","timestamp":1544571030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2018\/1838563\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["1838563","1838563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1838563","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2295","2040-2309"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2040-2295"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2040-2309"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]}}}