{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:13:11Z","timestamp":1785255191744,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) is required for the diagnosis of slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPT1D). We examined the factors influencing GADA determination by radioimmunoassay (GADA-RIA) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GADA-ELISA). Sixty patients with SPT1D and 154 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined by both GADA-RIA and GADA-ELISA and for the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). We compared the clinical characteristics of these patients based on the positivity or negativity of GADA-RIA and GADA-ELISA, and the existence or nonexistence of AITD. Thirty of 60 (50.0%) GADA-RIA-positive patients were GADA-ELISA negative, whereas none of the 154 GADA-RIA-negative patients were GADA-ELISA positive. Concomitant AITD was significantly less in patients with GADA-RIA and without GADA-ELISA and was significantly more in patients with GADA-RIA and GADA-ELISA. In GADA-RIA-positive patients, there was no significant difference in the GADA-RIA titer among the GADA-ELISA-negative patients with and without AITD, and the GADA-ELISA-positive patients without AITD; whereas the frequency of insulin deficiency was significantly higher in the patients with AITD and\/or GADA-ELISA than in those without AITD and GADA-ELISA. Examination of GADA-ELISA and AITD in GADA-RIA-positive patients might be useful in predicting insulin deficiency in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1847430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T19:36:21Z","timestamp":1531337781000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease with Anti-GAD Antibody ELISA Test Positivity and Risk for Insulin Deficiency in Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-8138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masahito","family":"Katahira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aichi Prefectural University School of Nursing and Health, Nagoya 463-8502, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-1506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hidetada","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-2493","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Miwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7079-821X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Megumi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-0876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shizuka","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu 501-6062, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6142-6150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya 491-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0213-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12024"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12119"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-014-0199-2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0328"},{"issue":"9","key":"7","first-page":"1551","volume":"72","year":"2015","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1679"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.02.017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"37","volume":"68","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6597091"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","first-page":"9","volume":"74","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.67"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.06.007"},{"key":"15","year":"2011"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114859"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","first-page":"345","volume":"66","year":"2011","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.01.024"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.07.025"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345512"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02732048"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12700"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0579"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1326"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2305"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.10.007"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0931"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1733"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1696"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00983.x"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2037"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/1847430.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/1847430.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/1847430.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T19:36:23Z","timestamp":1531337783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/1847430\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["1847430","1847430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1847430","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6745","2314-6753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]}}}