{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:49:08Z","timestamp":1761648548168,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":127,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012650","name":"TU Wien University Library","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012650","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes and discusses the architecture for a real\u2010time vehicular channel emulator capable of reproducing the input\/output behavior of nonstationary time\u2010variant radio propagation channels in safety\u2010relevant vehicular scenarios. The vehicular channel emulator architecture aims at a hardware implementation which requires minimal hardware complexity for emulating channels with the varying delay\u2010Doppler characteristics of safety\u2010relevant vehicular scenarios. The varying delay\u2010Doppler characteristics require real\u2010time updates to the multipath propagation model for each local stationarity region. The vehicular channel emulator is used for benchmarking the packet error performance of commercial off\u2010the\u2010shelf (COTS) vehicular IEEE 802.11p modems and a fully software\u2010defined radio\u2010based IEEE 802.11p modem stack. The packet error ratio (PER) estimated from <jats:italic>temporal averaging<\/jats:italic> over a <jats:italic>single<\/jats:italic> virtual drive and the packet error probability (PEP) estimated from <jats:italic>ensemble averaging<\/jats:italic> over <jats:italic>repeated<\/jats:italic> virtual drives are evaluated and compared for the same vehicular scenario. The proposed architecture is realized as a virtual instrument on National Instruments\u2122 LabVIEW. The National Instrument universal software radio peripheral with reconfigurable input\u2010output (USRP\u2010Rio) 2953R is used as the software\u2010defined radio platform for implementation; however, the results and considerations reported are of general purpose and can be applied to other platforms. Finally, we discuss the PER performance of the modem for two categories of vehicular channel models: a vehicular nonstationary channel model derived for urban single lane street crossing scenario of the DRIVEWAY\u201909 measurement campaign and the stationary ETSI models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2423837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T23:31:21Z","timestamp":1525822281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Real\u2010Time Emulation of Nonstationary Channels in Safety\u2010Relevant Vehicular Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1365-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Golsa","family":"Ghiaasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6544-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Blazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Ashury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rute Ramalho","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9571-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Mecklenbr\u00e4uker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2010.2101990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BlazekT. 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Sparse Time-Variant Impulse Response Estimation for Vehicular Channels Using the c-LASSO Proceedings of the IEEE 28th PIMRC - Workshop WS-11 on V2X Channel Measurements and Modeling (WVCM \u203217) 2017 IEEE https:\/\/publik.tuwien.ac.at\/showentry.php?ID=261919&amp;lang=2.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2017.8292645"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GhiaasiG. AshuryM. VlastarasD. HoferM. XuZ. andZemenT. Real-time vehicular channel emulator for future conformance tests of wireless ITS modems Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP \u203216) April 2016 Davos Switzerland https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EuCAP.2016.7481226 2-s2.0-84979299388.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2016.7481226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","unstructured":"XuZ. GanM. Mecklenbr\u00e4ukerC. F. andZemenT. 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