{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:59:22Z","timestamp":1791917962375,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HK 17K11445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HK 17K11445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose.<\/jats:italic> Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is an indicator of neuronal damage in the distal segment of the peripheral nerves. Here, we determined the association between NCV and other systemic and ocular clinical findings, in type 2 diabetes patients with early diabetic retinopathy (DR). <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> This study included 42 eyes of 42 type 2 diabetes patients (median age: 54 years) with no DR or with mild nonproliferative DR. Standard statistical techniques were used to determine associations between clinical findings. <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Sural sensory conduction velocity (SCV) and tibial motor conduction velocity (MCV) were significantly lower in mild nonproliferative DR patients than patients with no DR (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.008<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, resp.). Furthermore, logistic regression analyses revealed that sural SCV and tibial MCV were independent factors contributing to the presence of mild nonproliferative DR (OR 0.83, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.012<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> and OR 0.69 <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, resp.). Tibial MCV was correlated with choroidal thickness (CT) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and a multiple regression analysis revealed that age, tibial MCV, and carotid intima-media thickness were independent associating factors with CT (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.035<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.015<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.008<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, resp.). <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Our findings suggest that reduced NCV may be closely associated with early DR in type 2 diabetes patients. Thus, reduced nerve conduction is a potential early biomarker of DR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2439691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T18:31:30Z","timestamp":1519151490000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Relationship between Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocity and Ophthalmological Findings in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Early Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Azusa","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0642-793X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kunikata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shojiro","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Satake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.029"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12119"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.031"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20110901-02"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd007419.pub4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.04.024"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.918152"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20846"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2479"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(88)80021-4"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2012.03.008"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0456"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-1043-5"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.038"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820f4b39"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11503"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.09.033"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12653"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17966"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38012-9"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38009-9"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030405011"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030398010"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199710)20:10<1296::AID-MUS12>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1085-9489.2006.00085.x"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(05)80117-0"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16673.7103"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34013-7"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2345141"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140014"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2012.8.1.1"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051469"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1163"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq185"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01725.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14390.OR"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0196-1"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3034-y"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3037-8"}],"container-title":["Journal 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