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Macrophages (M<jats:italic>\u03a6<\/jats:italic>s) loaded with LDs, termed foam cells, characterize early blood vessel fatty-streak lesions during atherosclerosis. However, the factors involved in foam cell formation induced by a GIIA sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>are still unknown. Here, we investigated the participation of lipid homeostasis-related factors in LD formation induced by MT-III in macrophages. We found that MT-III activated PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>and PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>and increased the protein levels of both transcription factors and CD36 in macrophages. Pharmacological interventions evidenced that PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, and CD36 as well as the endoplasmic reticulum enzymes ACAT and DGAT are essential for LD formation. Moreover, PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, but not PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, is involved in MT-III-induced PLIN2 protein expression, and both PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b2\/\u03b4<\/jats:italic>and PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>upregulated CD36 protein expression, which contributes to MT-III-induced COX-2 expression. Furthermore, production of 15-d-PGJ<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, an activator of PPARs, induced by MT-III, was dependent on COX-1 being LDs an important platform for generation of this mediator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2547918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T23:30:45Z","timestamp":1529019045000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Snake Venom-Secreted Phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub>Induces Foam Cell Formation Depending on the Activation of Factors Involved in Lipid Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Elbio","family":"Leiguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina Cristina","family":"Giannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, 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