{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:55:28Z","timestamp":1784890528371,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541635200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Multimedia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Video segmentation into shots is the first step for video indexing and searching. Videos shots are mostly very small in duration and do not give meaningful insight of the visual contents. However, grouping of shots based on similar visual contents gives a better understanding of the video scene; grouping of similar shots is known as scene boundary detection or video segmentation into scenes. In this paper, we propose a model for video segmentation into visual scenes using bag of visual word (BoVW) model. Initially, the video is divided into the shots which are later represented by a set of key frames. Key frames are further represented by BoVW feature vectors which are quite short and compact compared to classical BoVW model implementations. Two variations of BoVW model are used: <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> classical BoVW model and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math> Vector of Linearly Aggregated Descriptors (VLAD) which is an extension of classical BoVW model. The similarity of the shots is computed by the distances between their key frames feature vectors within the sliding window of length <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"script\">L<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, rather comparing each shot with very long lists of shots which has been previously practiced, and the value of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"script\">L<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> is <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. Experiments on cinematic and drama videos show the effectiveness of our proposed framework. The BoVW is <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">25000<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-dimensional vector and VLAD is only <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">2048<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-dimensional vector in the proposed model. The BoVW achieves <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">0.90<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> segmentation accuracy, whereas VLAD achieves <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">0.83<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2564963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T18:32:00Z","timestamp":1541701920000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Video Scene Detection Using Compact Bag of Visual Word Models"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9417-6896","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Haroon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Balochistan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Baber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Balochistan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Balochistan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sher Muhammad","family":"Daudpota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Sukkur IBA University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maheen","family":"Bakhtyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Balochistan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women\u2019s University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-007-0033-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001413550070"},{"issue":"2","key":"6","first-page":"398","volume":"75","year":"1992","journal-title":"Information and communication Engineers"},{"key":"7","year":"1992"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01210504"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0923-5965(00)00011-4"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2005.856896"},{"key":"11","first-page":"204","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transactions on Electronics and Information J75-A"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4156\/jdcta.vol4.issue3.20"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1997.0628"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/373689","volume":"2013","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/864123","volume":"2010","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2014.08.006"}],"container-title":["Advances in Multimedia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/am\/2018\/2564963.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/am\/2018\/2564963.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/am\/2018\/2564963.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T18:32:03Z","timestamp":1541701923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/am\/2018\/2564963\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["2564963","2564963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2564963","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5680","1687-5699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-5680","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-5699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]}}}