{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:02:18Z","timestamp":1772553738945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user\u2019s cooperation. In the present work (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent\u2019s (non)cooperative nonverbal behavior and actual decision-making behavior on user\u2019s cooperation in the Prisoners\u2019 Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (nonverbal behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The nonverbal behavior had no effect on the users\u2019 willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent\u2019s cooperativeness. However, the agent\u2019s decision-making behavior in the game influenced the users\u2019 willingness to cooperate. In summary, the nonverbal behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2589542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T19:31:03Z","timestamp":1537471863000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent\u2019s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User\u2019s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners\u2019 Dilemma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-2944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolin","family":"Stra\u00dfmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid M.","family":"Rosenthal-von der P\u00fctten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Individual and Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole C.","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2011.09.003"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025341931128"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.4.730"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"59","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Advances in Psychology Research"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.024"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2009.09.006"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2139"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.11.005"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322761289"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.02.001"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01463370309370170"}],"container-title":["Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ahci\/2018\/2589542.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ahci\/2018\/2589542.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ahci\/2018\/2589542.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T19:31:04Z","timestamp":1537471864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ahci\/2018\/2589542\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["2589542","2589542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2589542","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5893","1687-5907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-5893","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-5907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]}}}