{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T23:35:30Z","timestamp":1776209730362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":304,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002475","name":"Duksung Women`s University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiviral activities of <jats:italic>Morus alba<\/jats:italic> (MA) juice and seed were examined using time\u2010of\u2010addition plaque assays against influenza viruses, A\/Brisbane\/59\/2007 (H1N1) (BR59), pandemic A\/Korea\/01\/2009(H1N1) (KR01), A\/Brisbane\/10\/2007(H3N2) (BR10), and B\/Florida\/4\/2006 (FL04). MA juice (MAJ) showed much higher antiviral activity than MA seed (MAS). In the pre\u2010 and cotreatment of virus, MAJ showed antiviral effects against BR59, KR01, and FL04 in a dose\u2010dependent manner. In particular, MAJ at 4% concentration exhibited 1.3 log inhibition in the pre\u2010 and cotreatment of the virus against FL04, a type B virus. However, little or weak inhibition was observed in the posttreatment of MAJ. GSH levels in the virus\u2010infected cells were also examined. The decreased levels by the viral infection were restored significantly by the addition of MAJ. MAJ also exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging and ferric ion\u2010reducing activities in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Cyanidin\u20103\u2010rutinoside, the most abundant polyphenol compound of MAJ identified by LC\u2010MS in this study, showed weak inhibitory effects against FL04 in the pretreatment, whereas gallic acid, a minor compound of MAJ, revealed significant antiviral effect. These results suggest that MAJ can be developed as a novel plant\u2010derived antiviral against influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2606583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T23:49:41Z","timestamp":1541116181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Antiviral Activities of Mulberry (<i>Morus alba<\/i>) Juice and Seed against Influenza Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Hyojin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Sook","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801999115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00031-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","unstructured":"Types of influenza viruses https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/viruses\/types.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207782794248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1601.091304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6062465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.172562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-7-307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8060157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1612-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.10.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666161123091010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","article-title":"Antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza A (H1N1\/H3N2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase","volume":"7","author":"DIng Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b00276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","first-page":"431","article-title":"Natural iminosugar derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibit glycosylation of hepatitis viral envelope proteins","volume":"45","author":"Jacob J. 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