{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:32:13Z","timestamp":1792787533597,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":317,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government Chemist Laboratory Authority of Tanzania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Inadequate specialized cancer hospitals and high costs are contributing factors that delay cancer patients from accessing health care services in Tanzania. Consequently, majority of patients are first seen by Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) before they access specialized services. This study presents ethnomedical information and preliminary evaluation of 25 plant species claimed by THPs in Mkuranga and Same districts of Tanzania on use for treatment of cancer. Literature search and laboratory investigation results are presented to support evaluation.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods. This study was a single disease ethnomedical enquiry focusing on plants being used for cancer treatment.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Face\u2010to\u2010face interviews and questionnaires were administered to\n                    <jats:italic>eight (8) THPs<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Mkuranga and Same districts on the claimed plants and their use for management of cancer. Plants were selected based on being frequently mentioned and emphasis given by THPs. Literature search and brine shrimp toxicity (BST) of methanol : dichloromethane (1:1) extracts was used as surrogates to evaluate strength of the claims.\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study reports 25 plant species used by the THPs in two districts of Tanzania. Eight plants (32%) have been reported in the literature to have activity against cancer cells. BST results revealed, 14 (56%) plants exhibited high toxicity against brine shrimps. The most active plants included\n                    <jats:italic>Croton pseudopulchellus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Pax (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    4.2\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml),\n                    <jats:italic>Dalbergia melanoxylon<\/jats:italic>\n                    Guill. &amp; Perr. (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    6.8\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml),\n                    <jats:italic>Loranthus micranthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Linn (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    4.0\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml),\n                    <jats:italic>Ochna mossambicensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Klotzsch (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    3.3\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml), and\n                    <jats:italic>Spirostachys africana<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sond. (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    4.4\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml); their toxicity was comparable to that of\n                    <jats:italic>Catharanthus roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L) G. Don. (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    6.7\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml), an established source of anticancer compounds. Nine other plants had LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values between (19.8 and 71.6)\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml, indicating also potential to yield anticancer.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Literature search and BST results provide a strong support of the potential of the claimed plants to yield active anticancer compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3034612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T18:30:51Z","timestamp":1542220251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Screening of Plants Used as Traditional Anticancer Remedies in Mkuranga and Same Districts, Tanzania, Using Brine Shrimp Toxicity Bioassay"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Daniel Z.","family":"Matata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olipa D.","family":"Ngassapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Machumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mainen J.","family":"Moshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","article-title":"World Cancer Report 2014","author":"Stewart B. W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"World"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/tanzaniacancercare.org\/cancer 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v11i2.45204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v6i1.5067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00161-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ecajps.v6i3.9700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v12i2.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ecajps.v8i1.9716"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200490897920"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Evaluation of ethnomedical claims and brine shrimp toxicity of some plants used in Tanzania as traditional medicines","volume":"3","author":"Moshi M. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v4i2.31211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v12i1.56287"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol802339w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4607"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antineoplastic activity of a methanolic extract from Kigelia pinnataDC stem bark","author":"Momekova D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Therapeutics & Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","first-page":"158","article-title":"Comprehensive scientific demystification of kigelia africana: a review","volume":"3","author":"Gabriel O. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/cm.2012.31001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v4i2.31211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Screening of some plants in Egypt for their Cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines","volume":"6","author":"Moustafa S. M. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of PharmTech Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","article-title":"In-vitro anti-oxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of root barks of Malawian Trichodesma zeylanicum(Burn. f.)","volume":"3","author":"Ngonda F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","first-page":"2778","article-title":"Potential role of natural molecules in health and disease: Importance of boswelic acid","volume":"4","author":"Qurish Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/abc.v29i2.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","volume-title":"Senecio Species: Toxic plants used as food and medicine in the Transkei","author":"Rose E. F.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)83864-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2012\/739"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-87"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","first-page":"99","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some medicinal plants from Tanzania","volume":"2","author":"Magadula J. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP12.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/1948-5956.1000402"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/365359"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Steroids and triterpenoids from Eastern Nigeria mistletoe, Loranthus micranthus Linn. (Loranthaceae) parasitic on Kola acuminata with immunomodulatory potentials","volume":"4","author":"Ogechukwu O. E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extracts of hibiscus micranthus linn","volume":"23","author":"Kumar K. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Chemical constituents and bioactivity studies of Hibiscus micranthus Linn.","volume":"59","author":"Jain R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201100164"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38478"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_2","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and phytochemical screening of four medicinal plants traditionally used in Msambweni District, Kenya. Journal of Biology","volume":"4","author":"Kaigongi M. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agriculture and Healthcare"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_2","first-page":"2960","article-title":"Antioxidant and cytotoxicity evaluations of two species of Blighia providing clues to species diversity","volume":"10","author":"Sonibare M. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2010.43.47"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2018\/3034612.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2018\/3034612.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/3034612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:44:28Z","timestamp":1722905068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/3034612"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/3034612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3034612","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3034612"}}