{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T22:31:38Z","timestamp":1740177098790,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535932800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. In vitro and scintigraphic studies have suggested that effectiveness of metered-dose inhalers (MDI) with nonvalved spacers (NVS) is similar to that of MDI with valved holding chambers (VHC). Nevertheless, there are no clinical studies that compare these techniques in long-term treatment with inhaled steroids in young children with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To compare the efficacy of a long-term treatment with Fluticasone Propionate administered by an MDI through both type of spacers, with and without valves, in young children with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma. <jats:italic>Patients and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Outpatient children (6 to 20 months old) with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma were randomized to receive a 6-month treatment with metered-dose inhaler (MDI) of Fluticasone Propionate 125\u2009mcg BID through an NVS or through a VHC. Parents recorded daily their child\u2019s respiratory symptoms and rescue medication use. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. 46 patients of 13.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095 months old were studied. During the study period, the NVS group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>25<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) experienced 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4 obstructive exacerbations, and the VHC group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>21<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) had 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.031<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The NVS group had 17.4\u2009\u00b1\u200914% of days with respiratory symptoms, and the VHC group had 9.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097% (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.019<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The NVS group spent 29.8\u2009\u00b1\u200922 days on albuterol while the VHC group spent 17.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911 days (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.022<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Long-term treatment with inhaled steroids administered by MDI and NVS is less effective than such treatment by MDI and VHC in infants with recurrent wheezing and risk factors for asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3095647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T19:31:05Z","timestamp":1536003065000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Usefulness of Nonvalved Spacers for Administration of Inhaled Steroids in Young Children with Recurrent Wheezing and Risk Factors for Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-2754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Kofman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Center, Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Dr. Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Teper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Center, Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Dr. Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"year":"2017","key":"1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9811024"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10400"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200408-1088oc"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60615-2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.01.034"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1078-5337(05)70030-7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1526-0542(04)90019-x"},{"first-page":"229","volume-title":"Inhalation technique and inhalation devices","year":"1997","key":"9"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","first-page":"189","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.6.495"},{"issue":"9","key":"12","first-page":"1177","volume":"50","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respiratory Care"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089426801316970312"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.8.835"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2000.tb00019.x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.1997.10.213"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04538.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.10.985"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1283"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.69.6.693"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.4.1018"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.1.335"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)12445-5"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02728855"},{"key":"25","first-page":"340","volume":"38","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"26","first-page":"397","volume":"50","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"issue":"3","key":"27","first-page":"196","volume":"104","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria"}],"container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crj\/2018\/3095647.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crj\/2018\/3095647.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crj\/2018\/3095647.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T19:31:09Z","timestamp":1536003069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crj\/2018\/3095647\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["3095647","3095647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3095647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-2241","1916-7245"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1198-2241"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1916-7245"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]]}}}