{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:50:12Z","timestamp":1769208612701,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542585600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian Dental Association-NSK","award":["BO\/00074\/16\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00074\/16\/5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Magyar Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BO\/00074\/16\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00074\/16\/5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> High temperatures during drilling can cause thermal osteonecrosis and abnormal wound healing. According to our best knowledge, a widely accepted recommendation for optimal drilling parameters in routine oral surgery bone removals does not exist.<jats:italic> Purpose.<\/jats:italic> Our aim was to investigate the correlations of different drilling parameters, including axial load and revolution speed on drilling temperatures and preparation times.<jats:italic> Materials and Methods.<\/jats:italic> Standard, 5\u2009mm deep cavities were drilled in 20 PCF (lb\/ft<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) dens polyurethane blocks with 3\u2009mm (50PCF) cortical layer using new and worn, 3.1mm in diameter tungsten carbide round drills. Worn drills were used in 50 impacted third molar operations before. Axial loads of 3N, 10N, and 25N and speeds of 4.000-8.000-16.000-40.000 revolutions per minute (rpm) were tested. Temperature differences of drilling parameters were calculated by 1-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey\u2019s HSD post hoc tests. Time differences and differences among \u201coptimal\u201d and \u201csuboptimal\u201d groups (with the cut-off value of 3\u00b0C and 3s) were estimated by Kruskal-Wallis test with pairwise comparisons. P&lt;0.05 was considered significant.<jats:italic> Results<\/jats:italic>. The highest mean temperatures with new and worn drills were 4.64\u00b10.53\u00b0C and 6.89\u00b11.16\u00b0C, while drilling times varied between 0.16\u00b10.02s and 22.77\u00b15.45s. A 3\u00b0C and 3s cut-off value classified drillings significantly to (1) optimal [<jats:italic>3N and 8000-16000-40000\u2009rpm or 10N and 4000-8000-16000-40000\u2009rpm<\/jats:italic>] or suboptimal due to (2) high temperatures or (3) long preparation times. Using worn drills, the following parameters should be avoided: 3N with 4.000-8.000\u2009rpm, 10N with 40000\u2009rpm, and 25N at any revolutions.<jats:italic> Discussion<\/jats:italic>. The study extensively mapped the drilling temperatures and preparation times of tungsten carbide round drills. Temperatures did not exceed 10\u00b0C during drillings with maximal amount of cooling, as well as the drilling parameters, which kept temperatures and preparation times in the most optimal range which were clearly established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3108581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T18:31:15Z","timestamp":1542652275000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recommended Drilling Parameters of Tungsten Carbide Round Drills for the Most Optimal Bone Removals in Oral Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6006-8758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Szalma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of P\u00e9cs, 5 Dischka, 7621 P\u00e9cs, 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