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Inactivating mutations in CBS contribute to the pathogenesis of the autosomal recessive disease CBS-deficient homocystinuria. Recent studies demonstrating that CBS promotes colon and ovarian cancer growth in preclinical models highlight a newly identified oncogenic role for CBS. On the contrary, tumor-suppressive effects of CBS have been reported in other cancer types, suggesting context-dependent roles of CBS in tumor growth and progression. Here, we review the physiological functions of CBS, summarize the complexities regarding CBS research in oncology, and discuss the potential of CBS and its key metabolites, including homocysteine and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3205125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T23:35:50Z","timestamp":1530228950000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Cystathionine<i>\u03b2<\/i>-Synthase in Physiology and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Haoran","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, 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