{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:05:08Z","timestamp":1759133108039,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004881","name":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G13\/1198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G13\/1198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"abstract":"The increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not fully explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are considered atheroprotective. We investigated the relationship between the absolute number of different phenotypes of Treg cells and abnormal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in women with SLE. Sixty-six women with SLE with no history of CV disease were included. Carotid IMT was quantified by ultrasound. Abnormal carotid IMT was defined as \u22650.8\u2009mm and two groups were compared according to this definition. Flow cytometry was used to analyze Foxp3 and Helios expression in peripheral blood CD4 T cells. A significantly higher level of absolute CD4+CD25+FoxP3high<\/jats:sup> T cells was present in patients with abnormal carotid IMT compared with those without (1.795<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>4.182<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mi>e<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\/<\/mml:mo>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> vs. 0.274<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.784<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mi>e<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\/<\/mml:mo>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>; p<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). However, no correlations were found between any Treg cell phenotypes and carotid IMT. Only the absolute number of CD4+CD45RA+FoxP3low<\/jats:sup> T cells was significantly decreased in SLE patients with low HDL cholesterol compared with those with normal HDL cholesterol (0.609<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>2.362<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mi>e<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\/<\/mml:mo>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> vs. 1.802<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>4.647<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mi>e<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\/<\/mml:mo>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>; p<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.009<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> and 15.358<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>11.608<\/mml:mn>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mi>e<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\/<\/mml:mo>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>l<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> vs. 28.274<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>34.139<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; p<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.012<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, respectively). In conclusion, in SLE women, diminished levels of Treg cells based on flow cytometry were not a good indicator of abnormal carotid IMT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3271572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T18:30:56Z","timestamp":1545157856000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Circulating Regulatory T Cell Levels on Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1696-9871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario","family":"Garc\u00eda-Carrasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Medical Unit of High Specialty, Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho National Medical Center-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico"},{"name":"Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9489-1542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pamela","family":"Soto-Santill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Medical Unit of High Specialty, Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho National Medical Center-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico"},{"name":"Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5101-7705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Mendoza-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Medical Unit of High Specialty, Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho National Medical Center-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico"},{"name":"Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences and Research, Medicine School, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3528-4931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Lidia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Cl\u00ednicos de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-7939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pamela","family":"Mungu\u00eda-Realpozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Medical Unit of High Specialty, Manuel 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