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The major mechanism causing multidrug resistance (MDR) is mediated by efflux pumps, proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane to exclude antimicrobial drug. Some efflux pumps recognize and expel a variety of unrelated antimicrobial agents, while other efflux pumps can expel only one specific class of antibiotics. Previously, we have reported that xylose decreases the efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance in<jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In this work, we assessed the effectiveness of combining xylose with antibiotics to kill resistant<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>in a murine model of skin infection. Skin infections were established by seeding 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>bacteria onto eroded skin of mice. Mice treated with the antibiotic alone or with a mixture of glucose and antibiotics or xylose and antibiotics were compared to a control group that was infected but received no further treatment. We observed that the mixtures xylose-tetracycline and xylose-chloramphenicol produced a decrease of at least 10 times viable<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>recovered from infected skin, compared with mice treated with the antibiotic alone. Our results show that xylose improves the antibiotic activity of tetracycline and chloramphenicol against efflux-mediated resistance<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, in a murine model of skin infection. We envision these combined formulations as an efficient treatment of skin infections with bacteria presenting efflux-mediated resistance, in both humans and animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3467219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T20:00:30Z","timestamp":1531944030000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Xylose Improves Antibiotic Activity of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline against<i>K. pneumoniae<\/i>and<i>A. baumannii<\/i>in a Murine Model of Skin Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Alejandro A.","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel J.","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica y Patog\u00e9nesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Laboratorios Cl\u00ednicos Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido C.","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7446-1932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s A.","family":"Villagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular y Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 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