{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:20:02Z","timestamp":1757542802983,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104-2221-E-008 -039","105-2221-E-008-071","107-2623-E-008-002","107-2636-E-003-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104-2221-E-008 -039","105-2221-E-008-071","107-2623-E-008-002","107-2636-E-003-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The trend of 5G mobile networks is increasing with the number of users and the transmission rate. Many operators are turning to small cell and indoor coverage of telecom network service. With the emerging Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization technologies, Internet Service Provider is able to deploy their networks more flexibly and dynamically. In addition to the change of the wireless mobile network deployment model, it also drives the development trend of the Micro Operator (<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>O). Telecom operators can provide regional network services through public buildings, shopping malls, or industrial sites. In addition, localized network services are provided and bandwidth consumption is reduced. The distributed architecture of<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>O tackles computing requirements for applications, data, and services from cloud data center to edge network devices or to the micro data center of<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>O. The service model of<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>O is capable of reducing network latency in response to the low\u2010latency applications for future 5G edge computing environment. This paper addresses the design pattern of 5G micro operator and proposes a Decision Tree Based Flow Redirection (DTBFR) mechanism to redirect the traffic flows to neighbor service nodes. The DTBFR mechanism allows different<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>Os to share network resources and speed up the development of edge computing in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3471610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T23:33:19Z","timestamp":1531265599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Micro Operator Design Pattern in 5G SDN\/NFV Network"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7172-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Wei","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2783-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Kai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan-Hsun","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao-Tsung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2044-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Der","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4092681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2017.000098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2016.2599780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2760418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","article-title":"NFV deployment strategies in SDN network","author":"Tseng C. W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking (IJHPCN)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2744672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","unstructured":"uO5G Micro operator concept for boosting local service delivery in 5G Available:http:\/\/www.oulu.fi\/uo5g\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4427-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PrasadA. LiZ. HoltmannsS. andUusitaloM. A. 5G micro-operator networks \u2014 A key enabler for new verticals and markets Proceedings of the 2017 25th Telecommunication Forum (TELFOR) November 2017 Belgrade Serbia 1\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TELFOR.2017.8249272.","DOI":"10.1109\/TELFOR.2017.8249272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WaliaJ. S. HammainenH. andMatinmikkoM. 5G Micro-operators for the future campus: A techno-economic study Proceedings of the 2017 Internet of Things - Business Models Users and Networks November 2017 Copenhagen Denmark 1\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CTTE.2017.8260985.","DOI":"10.1109\/CTTE.2017.8260985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matinmikko-BlueM.andLatva-ahoM. Micro operators accelerating 5G deployment Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS) December 2017 Peradeniya Sri Lanka 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIINFS.2017.8300396.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIINFS.2017.8300396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ManoshaK. B. Matinmikko-BlueM. andLatva-ahoM. Framework for spectrum authorization elements and its application to 5G micro-operators Proceedings of the 2017 Internet of Things - Business Models Users and Networks November 2017 Copenhagen Denmark 1\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CTTE.2017.8260941.","DOI":"10.1109\/CTTE.2017.8260941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SanguanpuakT. GuruacharyaS. HossainE. RajathevaN. andLatva-ahoM. On spectrum sharing among micro-operators in 5G Proceedings of the 2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) June 2017 Oulu Finland 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EuCNC.2017.7980742.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC.2017.7980742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"Future micro operators business models in 5G","volume":"7","author":"Ahokangas P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Business and Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2682318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7308913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2685687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KissP. RealeA. FerrariC. J. andIstenesZ. Deployment of IoT applications on 5G edge Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Future IoT Technologies (Future IoT) January 2018 Eger Hungary 1\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIOT.2018.8325595.","DOI":"10.1109\/FIOT.2018.8325595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76207-4_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.2696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1083575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","unstructured":"AhokangasP. MatinmikkoM. Yrj\u00f6l\u00e4S. andAtkovaI. Disruptive revenue models for future micro operator driven mobile business ecosystem Proceedings of The 24th Nordic Academy of Management Conference (NFF) 2017 Bodo Norway 23\u201325."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2710021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","unstructured":"Micro operators for vertical specific service delivery in 5G Available:http:\/\/www.5gsummit.org\/berlin\/docs\/slides\/Matti-Latva-Aho.pdf\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2017.2732505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BourasC. KolliaA. andPapazoisA. SDN and NFV in 5G: Advancements and challenges Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Innovations in Clouds Internet and Networks ICIN 2017 March 2017 France 107\u2013111 2-s2.0-85018900438.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2017.7899398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","unstructured":"ONF SDN architecture Available:https:\/\/www.opennetworking.org\/images\/stories\/downloads\/sdnresources\/technical-reports\/TRSDNARCH1.006062014.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","unstructured":"ETSI Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) architectural framework ETSI Ind. Specification Group 2014 Sophia Antipolis Cedex France."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2017.0539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.3481355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7514161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","unstructured":"NGMN Alliance 5G White Paper Available:https:\/\/www.ngmn.org\/5g-white-paper.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","unstructured":"NOKIA Dynamic end-to-end network slicing for 5G White Paper Available:http:\/\/www.hit.bme.hu\/~jakab\/edu\/litr\/5G\/NOKIA_dynamic_network_slicing_WP.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","unstructured":"MinS. KimS. LeeJ. KimB. HongW. andKongJ. Implementation of an OpenFlow network virtualization for multi-controller environment Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology ICACT 2012 February 2012 Republic of Korea 589\u2013592 2-s2.0-84860564299."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-ShabibiA. De LeenheerM. GerolaM. KoshibeA. ParulkarG. SalvadoriE. andSnowB. OpenVirteX: Make your virtual SDNs programmable Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM 2014 Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networking HotSDN 2014 August 2014 Chicago IL USA 25\u201330 2-s2.0-84907010648.","DOI":"10.1145\/2620728.2620741"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to Machine Learning","year":"2009","author":"Alpaydin E.","key":"e_1_2_9_36_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/SpecialIssue.2014.040203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsmcc.2011.2157494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeeD.andHongC. S. Access point selection algorithm for providing optimal AP in SDN-based wireless network Proceedings of the 2017 19th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS) September 2017 Seoul South Korea 362\u2013365 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/APNOMS.2017.8094148.","DOI":"10.1109\/APNOMS.2017.8094148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PascaS. T. V. KodaliS. S. P. andKataokaK. AMPS: Application aware multipath flow routing using machine learning in SDN Proceedings of the Twenty-third National Conference on Communications (NCC) 2017 Chennai India 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NCC.2017.8077095.","DOI":"10.1109\/NCC.2017.8077095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","unstructured":"Entropy Available:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Entropy_(information_theory)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","unstructured":"Mininet Available:http:\/\/mininet.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","unstructured":"iPerf Available:https:\/\/iperf.fr\/."}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/3471610.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/3471610.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/3471610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T17:54:23Z","timestamp":1751738063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/3471610"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shao-Yu","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/3471610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3471610","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-8669"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8677"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3471610"}}