{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:44:11Z","timestamp":1790372651363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,2]],"date-time":"2018-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The aim of this review is to analyze preclinical and clinical studies investigating the anxiety effects of <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> essential oils (EOs). <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>. The bibliographic research was made on the major scientific databases. Analysis included only articles written in English and published on peer\u2010reviewed scientific journals describing preclinical experiments and clinical trials carried out to investigate the antianxiety effects of <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium or Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> EOs on anxiety disorders. Clinical studies reporting the antianxiety effects of products containing <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> EOs in combination with other active substances, including medicinal plants, were excluded. Nine clinical studies fulfilled the criteria adopted for analysis. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Data show that <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> EOs produce anxiolytic effects both in preclinical experiments and in different clinical conditions. <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> EO aromatherapy reduced anxiety level in the great part of stress conditions studied (subjects affected by chronic myeloid leukemia and preoperative patients) except for a sample of patients subjected to colonoscopy. Exposition to <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> EO in clinical studies shows to be positive in reducing anxiety level in patients waiting for dental treatment as well as in healthy volunteers submitted to an anxiogenic situation. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Overview of clinical trials conducted with <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> on people with anxiety showed that inhalation or oral administration of <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> and inhalation of <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic> can exert beneficial effects on anxiety; however, because of incomplete accuracy in the reporting of methodology, further more complete clinical studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3624094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,2]],"date-time":"2018-12-02T23:33:30Z","timestamp":1543793610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Clinical Pharmacology of <i>Citrus aurantium<\/i> and <i>Citrus sinensis<\/i> for the Treatment of Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Mannucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Calapai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Inferrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"D\u2019Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Navarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Ventura Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8116-4821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gioacchino","family":"Calapai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220051419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Citrus Science and Technology","author":"Horowitz R. 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