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However, the underlying mechanisms by which <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> induces IVDD have been unclear. In this study, we quantified the severity of IVDD, as well as the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)\/nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX\u20102)\/prostaglandin (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in human intervertebral discs (IVDs) infected with <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>. Compared with <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative IVDs, <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive IVDs showed increased iNOS\/NO and COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> activity concomitant with more severe IVDD. In order to detect the potential correlation between iNOS\/NO expression, COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> expression, and IVDD, we developed a <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced IVDD rat model and found that the upregulation of iNOS\/NO and COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was essential to the occurrence of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced IVDD. This finding was supported by the fact that the inhibition of iNOS\/NO and COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> activity ameliorated IVDD significantly, as evidenced by restored aggrecan and collagen II expression both <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Mechanistically, we found that <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> induced iNOS\/NO and COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> expressions via a reactive oxygen species\u2010 (ROS\u2010) dependent NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B cascade. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase participated in <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced ROS, iNOS\/NO, and COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> expressions. Overall, these findings further validated the involvement of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> in the pathology of IVDD and provided evidence that <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced iNOS\/NO and COX\u20102\/PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> activation via the ROS\u2010dependent NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B pathway is likely responsible for the pathology of IVDD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3692752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,19]],"date-time":"2018-08-19T23:31:01Z","timestamp":1534721461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["<i>Propionibacterium acnes<\/i> Induces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Promoting iNOS\/NO and COX\u20102\/PGE<sub>2<\/sub> Activation via the ROS\u2010Dependent NF\u2010<i>\u03ba<\/i>B 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