{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:30:52Z","timestamp":1792467052210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) belongs to the primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), presenting a profound heterogeneity in phenotype and genotype, with monogenic or complex causes. Recurrent respiratory infections are the most common clinical manifestations. CVID patients can also develop various autoimmune and lymphoproliferative complications. Genetic testing such as whole exome sequencing (WES) can be utilized to investigate likely genetic defects, helping for better clinical management. We described the clinical phenotypes of three sporadic cases of CVID, who developed recurrent respiratory infections with different autoimmune and lymphoproliferative complications. WES was applied to screen disease-causing or disease-associated mutations. Two patients were identified to have monogenic disorders, with compound heterozygous mutations in<jats:italic> LRBA<\/jats:italic> for one patient and a frameshift insertion in<jats:italic> NFKB1<\/jats:italic> for another. The third patient was identified to be a complex form of CVID. Two novel mutations were identified, respectively, in<jats:italic> LRBA<\/jats:italic> and<jats:italic> NFKB1<\/jats:italic>. A combination of clinical and genetic diagnosis can be more extensively utilized in the clinical practice due to the complexity and heterogeneity of CVID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3724630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T19:31:04Z","timestamp":1538335864000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Common Variable Immunodeficiency with Genetic Defects Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-0463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking 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