{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:46:13Z","timestamp":1753886773556,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":63,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51435009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51435009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Effective data access is one of the major challenges in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) that are characterized by intermittent network connectivity and unpredictable node mobility. Currently, different data caching schemes have been proposed to improve the performance of data access in DTNs. However, most existing data caching schemes perform poorly due to the lack of global network state information and the changing network topology in DTNs. In this paper, we propose a novel data caching scheme based on cooperative caching in DTNs, aiming at improving the successful rate of data access and reducing the data access delay. In the proposed scheme, learning automata are utilized to select a set of caching nodes as Caching Node Set (CNS) in DTNs. Unlike the existing caching schemes failing to address the challenging characteristics of DTNs, our scheme is designed to automatically self\u2010adjust to the changing network topology through the well\u2010designed voting and updating processes. The proposed scheme improves the overall performance of data access in DTNs compared with the former caching schemes. The simulations verify the feasibility of our scheme and the improvements in performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3806907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T23:30:57Z","timestamp":1520292657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Learning Automata Based Caching for Efficient Data Access in Delay Tolerant Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4250-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinda","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FallK. A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets Proceedings of the the 2003 conference on Applications Technologies Architectures and Protocols for Computer Communications 2003 ACM 27\u201334.","DOI":"10.1145\/863955.863960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenK.andShenH. DTN-FLOW: Inter-landmark data flow for high-throughput routing in DTNs Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS 2013 May 2013 726\u2013737 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IPDPS.2013.24 2-s2.0-84884852229.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2013.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCDA.2010.5541302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaoW. CaoG. IyengarA. andSrivatsaM. Supporting cooperative caching in disruption tolerant networks Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems ICDCS 2011 July 2011 151\u2013161 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDCS.2011.76 2-s2.0-80051885535.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2011.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IpY.-K. LauW.-C. andYueO.-C. Forwarding and replication strategies for DTN with resource constraints Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring April 2007 1260\u20131264 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VETECS.2007.265 2-s2.0-34547328716.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2007.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"Learning automata---a survey","volume":"4","author":"Narendra K. S.","year":"1974","journal-title":"The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488510006775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","unstructured":"VahdatA.andBecker et al.D. Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks 2000 no. CS-200006 Duke University."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/961268.961272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JaleelA. Najaf-AbadiH. H. SubramaniamS. SteelyS. C.Jr. andEmerJ. CRUISE: Cache replacement and utility-aware scheduling 40 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems ASPLOS 2012 March 2012 249\u2013259 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2150976.2151003 2-s2.0-84858767531.","DOI":"10.1145\/2150976.2151003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-006-9238-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2007.A0605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2013.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RaianA.andRashmi RanjanR. An adaptive caching technique using learning automata in disruption tolerant networks Proceedings of the Next Generation Mobile Apps Services and Technologies (NGMAST) 2014 Eighth International Conference 186\u2013191.","DOI":"10.1109\/NGMAST.2014.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","unstructured":"ScottJ. RichardG. CrowcroftJ. HuiP. ChristopheD. andChaintreauA. CRAWDAD data set cambridge\/haggle (v. 2006-01-31) 2006 http:\/\/crawdad.org\/cambridge\/haggle\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","unstructured":"NathanE.andAlexS.P. CRAWDAD data set mit\/reality (v. 2005-07-01) 2005 http:\/\/crawdad.org\/mit\/reality\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BreslauL. CaoP. FanL. PhillipsG. andShenkerS. Web caching and zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications volume1 Proceedings of the In INFOCOM99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the Computer and Communications Societies 1999 126\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.1999.749260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2007.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2007.897962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaoW.andCaoG. Fine-grained mobility characterization: Steady and transient state behaviors Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing MobiHoc 2010 September 2010 61\u201370 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1860093.1860103 2-s2.0-78649234321.","DOI":"10.1145\/1860093.1860103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2014.2301376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeguayJ. FriedmanT. andConanV. DTN routing in a mobility pattern space Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Delay-Tolerant Networking (WDTN \u203205) August 2005 Philadelphia Pa USA ACM 276\u2013283 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1080139.1080146 2-s2.0-84885716360.","DOI":"10.1145\/1080139.1080146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","unstructured":"JeremieL. FriedmanT. andConanV. Evaluating mobility pattern space routing for dtns 2005 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/cs\/0511102 0511102."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BalasubramanianA. LevineB. andVenkataramaniA. DTN routing as a resource allocation problem Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2007: Conference on Computer Communications August 2007 373\u2013384 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1282380.1282422 2-s2.0-36949009831.","DOI":"10.1145\/1282427.1282422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/376861"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeT. LuY. andGerlaM. Social caching and content retrieval in Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Computing Networking and Communications ICNC 2015 February 2015 905\u2013910 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCNC.2015.7069467 2-s2.0-84928027346.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2015.7069467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2015.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CunhaR. O. SilvaA. P. LoreiroA. A. F. andRuizL. B. Simulating large wireless sensor networks using cellular automata Proceedings of the 38th Annual Simulation Symposium ANSS-38 April 2005 IEEE Computer Society 323\u2013330 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ANSS.2005.40 2-s2.0-27544433745.","DOI":"10.1109\/ANSS.2005.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AthanassopoulosS. KaklamanisC. KatsikouliP. andPapaioannouE. Cellular automata for topology control in wireless sensor networks Proceedings of the 2012 16th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference MELECON 2012 March 2012 212\u2013215 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MELCON.2012.6196416 2-s2.0-84861503321.","DOI":"10.1109\/MELCON.2012.6196416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AdabiS. ZadehA. K. DanaA. andAdabiS. Cellular automata based method for energy conservation solution in wireless sensor network Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing WiCOM 2008 October 2008 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WiCom.2008.893 2-s2.0-58049111210.","DOI":"10.1109\/WiCom.2008.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TorkestaniJ. A.andMeybodiM. R. Approximating the minimum connected dominating set in stochastic graphs based on learning automata Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Management and Engineering ICIME 2009 April 2009 672\u2013676 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIME.2009.133 2-s2.0-70349480943.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIME.2009.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218488506004217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenY. P.andLiestmanA. L. Approximating minimum size weakly-connected dominating sets for clustering mobile ad hoc networks Proceedings of the MOBIHOC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF The Third ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing June 2002 165\u2013172 2-s2.0-0141639922.","DOI":"10.1145\/513800.513821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/sl.2008.m146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JahanshahiM. MeybodiM. R. andDehghanM. Cellular learning automata based scheduling method for wireless sensor networks Proceedings of the 2009 14th International CSI Computer Conference CSICC 2009 October 2009 646\u2013651 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CSICC.2009.5349652 2-s2.0-74549169953.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSICC.2009.5349652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NavidA. H. F.andJavadiH. H. S. ICLEAR: energy aware routing protocol for wsn using irregular cellular learning automata Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications ISIEA 2009 October 2009 463\u2013468 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISIEA.2009.5356417 2-s2.0-76449084572.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIEA.2009.5356417"},{"volume-title":"Call Admission Control in Cellular Mobile Networks: A Learning Automata Approach","year":"2002","author":"Hamid B.","key":"e_1_2_11_37_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2004.12.002"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/3806907.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/3806907.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/3806907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T10:32:38Z","timestamp":1751452358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/3806907"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Pinchera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/3806907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3806907","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-8669"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8677"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3806907"}}