{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:02:39Z","timestamp":1767826959210,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents novel electromagnetic bridge energy harvesters (BEHs) utilizing bridge vibrations and ambient wind surges to power wireless sensor nodes used for bridges\u2019 health monitoring. The developed BEHs are cantilever-type and are comprised of a wound coil, permanent magnet, an airfoil, cantilever beam, and a support. Harvesters are characterized in-lab under different vibration levels and are subjected to variable speed air surges. The harvesters exhibit multiresonant frequencies; prototype I has resonant frequencies of 3.6, 14.9, and 17.6\u2009Hz. However, 7.6, 33, and 45\u2009Hz are the resonant frequencies for prototype II. Under vibration testing, prototype I produced a maximum voltage of 206\u2009mV and an optimum power of 354.51\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>W at a frequency of 3.6\u2009Hz and 0.4<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> acceleration. However, at a frequency of 7.6\u2009Hz and 0.6<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> acceleration, prototype II showed the capability of generating a maximum voltage of 430\u2009mV and an optimum power of 2214.32\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>W. Moreover, when BEHs are characterized under variable speed air surges, prototype I generated a load voltage of 19\u2009mV and a power of 7.84\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>W at an air speed of 9\u2009m\/s; however, 22\u2009mV and 9.14\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>W load voltage and power, respectively, are developed by prototype II at 6\u2009m\/s air speed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3849683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,4]],"date-time":"2018-02-04T18:30:56Z","timestamp":1517769056000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Electromagnetic Bridge Energy Harvester Utilizing Bridge\u2019s Vibrations and Ambient Wind for Wireless Sensor Node Application"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0667-559X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farid Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, 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