{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:26:32Z","timestamp":1792146392173,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2012HQ004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2012HQ004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. The correlations between the axial length-to-corneal radius (AL\/CR) ratio and corneal astigmatism (CA) were studied by prospectively analyzing and comparing survey data from school children in the Beijing urban area from 2014 to 2015. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. In this longitudinal study, a total of 2,970 students were enrolled in 2014, and 2,179 students were enrolled in 2015. The students were in grades 1 and 4 of primary schools located in the Yangfangdian district of Beijing. The students were examined using the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart for uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and IOLMaster for ocular components. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. From 2014 to 2015, the students from grades 1 and 4 had significantly worse UCVA results, longer axial lengths (AL), and greater AL\/CRs (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The boys had a longer AL and corneal radius (CR) than the girls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). A significantly higher rate of increased CA was observed for the students with increased AL\/CR than for those with decreased or unchanged ratios (AL\/CR for grade 1, <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200912.304, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; for grade 4, <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200929.044, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). In addition, with increased AL\/CR over one year, the CA value of the students in grades 1 and 4 became significantly larger (grade 1, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; grade 4, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>); moreover, the UCVA became worse (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. We found that UCVA and AL growth were affected by aging. An increase in the AL\/CR ratio is a risk factor for the progression of corneal astigmatism for school children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4209236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T19:30:52Z","timestamp":1535657452000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of Corneal Astigmatism (CA) according to Axial Length\/Corneal Radius (AL\/CR) Ratio in a One-Year Follow-Up of Children in Beijing, China"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9496-0525","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fenglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 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