{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:30:21Z","timestamp":1769167821380,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2320-B-019-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2320-B-019-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2320-B-019-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2320-B-019-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that affects a patient\u2019s life quality throughout the world due to its worst complications. It was recognized that chronic hyperglycemia with oxidative stress was the major cause of male infertility.<jats:italic>Echinacea purpurea<\/jats:italic>ethanol extract (EE) contains phenolic acid and isobutylamides had been proven to ameliorate diabetic complications. Chitosan\/silica nanoparticles are well-known in the medicinal field because of its controlled release and drug delivery properties. This study was aimed at investigating whether the EE encapsulated chitosan\/silica nanoparticle (nano-EE) can enhance the amelioration of male infertility. Our results indicated that the average size of nano-EE was 218 \u00b1 42\u2009nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 66.9% and loading capacity of 39.9%. The reduction in oxidative stress and antioxidant activity of nano-EE was observed in LC-540 cells. In<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>experiment, 33\u2009mg\/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with nano (465\u2009mg\/kg), nano-EE 1 (93mg\/kg), nano-EE3 (279mg\/kg), nano-EE5 (465\u2009mg\/kg), and metformin (Met) (200\u2009mg\/kg) for 7 weeks. The results show that the nano-EE5 can improve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF 21) resistance. It was also confirmed that nano-EE5 significantly improved the testis tissue structure, increasing sperm quality and DNA integrity as well as reducing reactive oxygen species level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4237354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T23:30:58Z","timestamp":1535671858000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Male Rat Reproductive Dysfunction with Micro-Nanoencapsulated<i>Echinacea purpurea<\/i>Ethanol Extract"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7083-7293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chien-Feng","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, 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