{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:44:56Z","timestamp":1774525496906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudospondias microcarpa<\/jats:italic> is used traditionally for treating various diseases. However, although parts of the plant are extensively used in African traditional medicine, no scientific study has been reported on its toxicity. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of<jats:italic> P. microcarpa<\/jats:italic> in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120\u2013150\u2009g) were treated orally with the extract (30, 100, 300, 1000, and 3000\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) or distilled water (10\u2009ml\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for 2 weeks and observed daily for general appearance and signs of toxicity. In addition, blood was collected for both biochemical and haematological assays. Sections of tissues from liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and stomach were also used for histopathological examination. Administration of the extract for 14 consecutive days caused no deaths, with an LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> above 3000\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Except for lymphocytes (%) that showed a significant decrease (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">5<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">23<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">3.93<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.013<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), all other haematological parameters remained unaffected by the extract. The extract at 100\u2009mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> showed a significant decrease in the levels of triglyceride and very-low-density lipoproteins (both at <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Weight change as well as histological evaluation of the organs indicated no toxicity. The study demonstrates that an ethanolic extract of<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic> microcarpa<\/jats:italic> given orally to rats is safe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4256782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]],"date-time":"2018-05-20T19:31:43Z","timestamp":1526844703000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Toxicological Assessment of<i> Pseudospondias microcarpa<\/i> (A. Rich.) Engl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Rats: Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1177-8729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donatus Wewura","family":"Adongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Kolibea","family":"Mante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2948-9615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kennedy Kwami Edem","family":"Kukuia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2060-2178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles Kwaku","family":"Benneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-5387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert Peter","family":"Biney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-7266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Boakye-Gyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas Akinwale","family":"Titiloye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-5736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Woode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, 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