{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:50:38Z","timestamp":1785819038522,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007941","name":"Addis Ababa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ethio-Italian project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2011 to September 2013 to assess the seroprevalence and identify risk factors of<jats:italic> Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in domestic ruminants of East Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Sera of 1360 domestic ruminants were analyzed for the presence of anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Additionally, the owners were also interviewed using a structured questionnaire to identify the potential risk factors of<jats:italic> T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. Overall, the prevalence of<jats:italic> T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in domestic ruminants was 22.2% (302\/1360). The seroprevalence in sheep, goats, cattle, and camels was 33.7%, 27.6%, 10.7%, and 14.4%, respectively. District, species, sex, age, and water source were identified as risk factors for<jats:italic> T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. Increased seropositivity was observed in females (OR = 2.63) and also with the use of pond (OR = 4.25) and pipe (OR = 9.57) water sources in sheep; age &gt;1 year old (OR = 3.45) and with drinking from pond (OR = 6.03) and pipe (OR = 11.61) water sources in goats; with the use of pond (OR = 5.60) and pipe (OR = 10.68) water sources in cattle; and in &gt;4-year-old camels (OR = 2.49). In conclusion,<jats:italic> T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection is common and widespread among the domestic ruminants of the study area, indicating the potential transmission to humans from these animals when they are used as a source of food. Hence, it is crucial to raise awareness of the people about<jats:italic> T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and conduct further study to explore the impact of the disease on food animal production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4263470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]],"date-time":"2018-05-20T19:31:17Z","timestamp":1526844677000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of<i> Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> Infection among Domestic Ruminants in East Hararghe Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-0643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Berhanu","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138 Dire Dawa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yacob Hailu","family":"Tolossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagos","family":"Ashenafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. 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