{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:08:28Z","timestamp":1753884508338,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":126,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2017YFB0802300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0802300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The new radio technology for the fifth\u2010generation wireless system has been extensively studied all over the world. Specifically, the air interface protocols for 5G radio access network will be standardized by the 3GPP in the coming years. In the next\u2010generation 5G new radio (NR) networks, millimeter wave (mmWave) communications will definitely play a critical role, as new NR air interface (AI) is up to 100\u2009GHz just like mmWave. The rapid growth of mmWave systems poses a variety of challenges in physical layer (PHY) security. This paper investigates those challenges in the context of several 5G new radio communication technologies, including multiple\u2010input multiple\u2010output (MIMO) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In particular, we introduce a ray\u2010tracing (RT) based 5G NR network channel model and reveal that the secrecy capacity in mmWave band widely depends on the richness of radio frequency (RF) environment through numerical experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4359261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T23:31:08Z","timestamp":1525735868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["On the Secrecy Capacity of 5G New Radio Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8654-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaowei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8414-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1601107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"ITU-R Rec: ITU-R M IMT Vision - Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2020 and Beyond 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical Downlink Control Channel for 5G New Radio","author":"Miao H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE EuCNC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KilincC. MonserratJ. F. FilippouM. C. KuruvattiN. ZaidiA. A. SilvaI. D. andMezzavillaM. New radio 5G user plane design alternatives: One 5G air interface framework supporting multiple services and bands Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Globecom Workshops GC Wkshps 2016 December 2016 USA 2-s2.0-85015888334 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2016.7848970.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2016.7848970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2698978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2562010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2399691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2699059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KrishnaP. KumarT. A. andRaoK. K. Multiuser MIMO systems: Spectral and energy efficiencies estimations and capacity limits Proceedings of the 2015 Twelfth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN) September 2015 Bangalore India 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WOCN.2015.8064514.","DOI":"10.1109\/WOCN.2015.8064514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HashemiM. KoksalC. E. andShroffN. B. Hybrid RF-mmWave communications to achieve low latency and high energy efficiency in 5G cellular systems Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks WiOpt 2017 May 2017 France 2-s2.0-85026272142 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/WIOPT.2017.7959915.","DOI":"10.23919\/WIOPT.2017.7959915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2666882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2453991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tap.2013.2297164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangG.-Y. LiuY.-J. LiS.-D. ZhangX.-J. andChenZ.-P. Study on the outdoor wave propagation at 28GHz by ray tracing method Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology ICMMT 2016 June 2016 China 476\u2013478 2-s2.0-85009785256 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICMMT.2016.7761813.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMMT.2016.7761813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2698780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","article-title":"Ray Tracing Simulations of Indoor Channel Spatial Correlation for Physical Layer Security","author":"Vitucci E. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE EuCAP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeeB. LimJ.-B. LimC. KimB. andSeolJ.-Y. Reflected self-interference channel measurement for mmwave beamformed full-duplex system Proceedings of the IEEE Globecom Workshops GC Wkshps 2015 December 2015 USA 2-s2.0-84971302100 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2015.7414127.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2015.7414127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2004.831317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SasmalS. MishraS. BeheraB. R. andBandopadhayaS. Ray tracing channel model for millimeter-(mm-) wave systems Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies ICACCCT 2016 May 2016 India 281\u2013284 2-s2.0-85014303776 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICACCCT.2016.7831646.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCCT.2016.7831646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2727043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MuX. GuoL. andDongC. Downlink secure transmission with base station cooperation using artificial noise Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference WCNC 2017 March 2017 USA 2-s2.0-85019734766 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WCNC.2017.7925741.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2017.7925741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2703861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/848071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.052013.120440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShaikM. KabanniA. andNazeemaN. Millimeter wave propagation measurments in forest for 5G Wireless sensor communications Proceedings of the 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium MMS 2016 November 2016 UAE 2-s2.0-85010840324 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MMS.2016.7803785.","DOI":"10.1109\/MMS.2016.7803785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SodagariS. On effects of imperfect channel state information on null space based cognitive MIMO communication Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Computing Networking and Communications ICNC 2015 February 2015 USA 438\u2013444 2-s2.0-84928015096 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCNC.2015.7069384.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2015.7069384"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/4359261.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/4359261.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/4359261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T06:34:52Z","timestamp":1723012492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/4359261"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gui-Ling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/4359261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4359261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-8669"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8677"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4359261"}}