{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:26:47Z","timestamp":1792042007108,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]],"date-time":"2018-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pathogens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Panton-Valentine leukocidin (\n                    <jats:italic>luk-pv<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a cytotoxin that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the\n                    <jats:italic>pv1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>nuc<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained from anterior nares and superficial infection sites of skin in a slum population of West Bengal, India. Expression level of\n                    <jats:italic>pv1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was also analysed. Twenty-two\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were isolated, and phenotype and genotype specific examinations for\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were carried out. Molecular identification was done by PCR using species-specific 16S rRNA primer pairs and finally 22 isolates were found to be positive as\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The antibiotic responsiveness of all these isolates and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRSA isolates were determined using the broth dilution method with vancomycin. Antibiogram analysis of isolated\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains with respect to different antimicrobial agents revealed antibiotic resistance ranging from 27 to 91%. The results of MIC for vancomycin showed 95% of strains to be VSSA and 5% to be VISA. 68% isolates were resistant to methicillin. All the isolates were subjected to detection of\n                    <jats:italic>pv1, mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    A, and\n                    <jats:italic>nuc<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, and 9%, 68%, and 27% were found to harbour\n                    <jats:italic>pvl, mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    A, and\n                    <jats:italic>nuc<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, respectively. All the MRSA strains produced high to moderate levels of biofilm.\n                    <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression was carried out\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    by Real-Time PCR. The low \u2206Ct value (0.493) was indicative of high expression of\n                    <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic>\n                    in one\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. Thus, detection of\n                    <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in community acquired\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicates the emergence of pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in community setup in the studied region. The existing exploration is extremely imperative and informative for the high level multi-drug resistant\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections inclusive of MRSA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4518541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]],"date-time":"2018-09-02T19:33:52Z","timestamp":1535916832000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene among Community Acquired\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    : A Real-Time PCR Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4724-4750","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amit","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, 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India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8465-3759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chandradipa","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721102, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/790350","volume":"2014","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.68.981"},{"issue":"10","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.10.4121-4129.1995","volume":"63","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infection and 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