{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T20:29:28Z","timestamp":1740169768833,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]],"date-time":"2018-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528588800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> Since 2005 there have been several reports of hepatitis B outbreak in the state of Kerala in southern India. Objective of this study was to analyze such outbreaks and to explore hypothesis pertaining the transmission mode.<jats:italic> Methods.<\/jats:italic> Retrospective observational study involving cases of acute hepatitis B acquired between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015 and their family members residing in Mazhuvanoor village in Ernakulam district of Kerala State in southern India.<jats:italic> Results.<\/jats:italic> 59 houses were included in the survey. The number of patients diagnosed to have acute viral hepatitis B was 59. Majority (66.10%) were over 50 years old. There were no cases below the age of 15 years. All 59 patients claimed to have been bitten frequently by a fly which was identified as \u201cdeer fly\u201d belonging to the genus<jats:italic> Chrysops<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic> Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> Given the current understanding of mechanical transmission of pathogens in both humans and animals by insects belonging to the Tabanidae family which also includes<jats:italic> Chrysops<\/jats:italic>, it is plausible that the same mechanism may hold true for hepatitis B also. However this needs to be proven in further studies both at the laboratory level and at field studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4612472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]],"date-time":"2018-06-10T19:31:40Z","timestamp":1528659100000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Investigation into the High Prevalence of Hepatitis B in a Rural Area of Kerala State, India: Hypothesis on<i> Chrysops<\/i> sp. 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