{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:07:41Z","timestamp":1762459661380,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":252,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1C1B2005982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1C1B2005982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Obesity is a pathological condition associated with various diseases including diabetes, stroke, arthritis, infertility, and heart disease. Moxibustion is widely used to prevent and manage obesity in traditional Asian medicine. We tested our hypothesis that moxibustion\u2010simulating bipolar radiofrequency (M\u2010RF) can suppress total body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight gain via induction of WAT browning in a mouse model of diet\u2010induced obesity (DIO).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We designed an M\u2010RF device that could accurately adjust the depth and temperature at which heat stimulation was administered into the abdomen of DIO mice. High\u2010fat\u2010fed male C57BL\/6 mice were treated with the M\u2010RF device every two or three days for three weeks. We then harvested WAT and serum from the mice and measured total body and WAT weight, size of adipocytes, mitochondrial contents, features of the dead adipocyte environment, and levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Heat stimulation by M\u2010RF in DIO mice resulted in precise temperature adjustment in the mice abdomen, with variance less than 1\u00b0C. Additionally, M\u2010RF stimulation inhibited body and WAT weight gain, resulting in increased formation of beige adipocytes, increased mitochondrial content, and decreased formation of dead adipocytes in WAT. Moreover, treatment of M\u2010RF induced expression of UCP1 and FGF21 in serum and\/or epididymal WATs in DIO mice.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Heat stimulation by M\u2010RF treatment induced upregulation of UCP1 and FGF21 expression in serum and\/or WATs, which was correlated with reduced total body and WAT weight gain in DIO mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4737515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T23:30:49Z","timestamp":1536622249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Moxibustion\u2010Simulating Bipolar Radiofrequency Suppresses Weight Gain and Induces Adipose Tissue Browning via Activation of UCP1 and FGF21 in a Mouse Model of Diet\u2010Induced Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Young Jun","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4147-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9902-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Yun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Considerations about study on the underlying mechanism of acu-moxibustion in the treatment of obesity type polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating adiponectin","volume":"37","author":"Liao Y.-J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7296353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion Pretreatment on Expression of Autophagy Related Proteins LC 3 and Beclin 1 in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury","volume":"43","author":"Tan C. 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