{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:02:22Z","timestamp":1789966942282,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the exposure of the Ghanaian population of the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana to formaldehyde through the consumption of fish using 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazoline Hydrazone method, with trichloroacetic acid as an extracting agent. A total of sixty (60) fish species comprising both local and imported fish were bought from cold stores and fish ponds were analysed. Formaldehyde was found in all the species analysed with concentration ranging from 0.174 to 3.710 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>gg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. However, the levels were still lower than 5 mg\/kg, which is the maximum limit established by the Malaysian Food Act and Regulation for formaldehyde in fish. The estimated daily intake values for formaldehyde in the fish species analysed ranged between 4.233 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> and 3.661 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mg\/kg BW\/day and this was less than the acceptable daily intake of 0.15 and 0.2 mg\/kg BW\/day suggested by World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency for formaldehyde intake, respectively. The results for the hazard quotient calculated for all the species were less than one suggesting that the amount of formaldehyde in the fish is not likely to pose any potential adverse health effects to consumers. Thus, wet fish from Kumasi may be considered safe for consumption because of low formaldehyde content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4785031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T19:52:06Z","timestamp":1541101926000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk Assessment of Kumasi Metropolis Population in Ghana through Consumption of Fish Contaminated with Formaldehyde"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1542-8179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noah Kyame","family":"Asare-Donkor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Akanwi","family":"Adaagoam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray Bright","family":"Voegborlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Apeke","family":"Adimado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"16","first-page":"1434","volume":"22","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Food Research Journal"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/.v3i2.4680"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.09.010"},{"key":"40","first-page":"52","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food and Public Health"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000129514.46451.ce"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1601"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"125","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Food Research Journal"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/ajptsp.2009.98.106"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06214.x"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01192902","volume":"200","year":"1995","journal-title":"Z Lebensm Unters Forsch"},{"key":"33","first-page":"74","volume":"11","year":"1996","journal-title":"ASEAN Food Journal"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wjet.2015.33C040"},{"issue":"1","key":"34","first-page":"49","volume":"4","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.023"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2016.02.037"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-355"},{"key":"2","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bank of Ghana, Accra"},{"key":"3","year":"2008"},{"key":"24","year":"2015"},{"key":"8","year":"2017"},{"key":"28","first-page":"115","year":"2011","journal-title":"Waste Water-Evaluation and Management. 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