{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:58:41Z","timestamp":1753887521849,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61574045","61774048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61574045","61774048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper implements a complementary Class\u2010C digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with differential transistor pairs. The transistors are dynamically biased by feedback loops separately benefiting the robust oscillation start\u2010up with low power consumption. By optimizing three switched capacitor arrays and employing fractional capacitor array with sigma\u2010delta modulator (SDM), the presented DCO operates from 3.22\u2009GHz to 5.45\u2009GHz with a 51.5% frequency tuning range and 0.1\u2009ppm frequency resolution. The design was implemented in a 65\u2009nm CMOS process with power consumption of 2.8\u2009mA at 1.2\u2009V voltage supply. Measurement results show that the phase noise is about \u2212126\u2009dBc\/Hz at 3\u2009MHz offset from a 5.054\u2009GHz carrier frequency with the 1\/<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> corner frequency of 260\u2009KHz. The resulting FoMT achieves 199.4\u2009dBc\/Hz and varies less than 2\u2009dB across the frequency tuning range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4968391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T23:33:40Z","timestamp":1517441620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 3.22\u20135.45\u2009GHz and 199\u2009dBc\/Hz FoMT CMOS Complementary Class\u2010C DCO"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7012-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sizheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangzi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2015.2413846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2682841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2008.2004867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FanoriL.andAndreaniP. 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