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Molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence effectors remain poorly characterized. A number of studies in the last decade have demonstrated that<jats:italic> M. hominis <\/jats:italic>can establish an endosymbiotic relationship with<jats:italic> Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>, a urogenital parasitic protozoon, also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently, two bacterial genes (<jats:italic>alr<\/jats:italic> and<jats:italic> goiB<\/jats:italic>) associated with amniotic cavity invasion and a single gene (<jats:italic>goiC<\/jats:italic>) associated with intra-amniotic infections and high risk of preterm delivery have been identified in<jats:italic> M. hominis <\/jats:italic>isolated from a group of pregnant patients. In this work we demonstrate that a high number of<jats:italic> M. hominis<\/jats:italic> intracellularly associated with<jats:italic> T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> have<jats:italic> goiC<\/jats:italic> gene, in association with<jats:italic> alr<\/jats:italic> and<jats:italic> goiB<\/jats:italic>. In addition, we demonstrate that metronidazole treatment of<jats:italic> M. hominis<\/jats:italic>-infected<jats:italic> T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> allows delivering viable intracellular<jats:italic> goiC <\/jats:italic>positive<jats:italic> M. hominis<\/jats:italic> from antibiotic-killed protozoa and that free<jats:italic> M. hominis<\/jats:italic> can infect human cell cultures. Results suggest that molecular diagnostic strategies to identify both pathogens and their virulence genes should be adopted to prevent severe complications during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5037181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T19:34:15Z","timestamp":1533238455000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i> Transports Virulent<i> Mycoplasma hominis<\/i> and Transmits the Infection to Human Cells after Metronidazole Treatment: A Potential Role in Bacterial Invasion of Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Tran","family":"Thi Trung Thu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 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