{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:22:12Z","timestamp":1775182932970,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyzszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0402\/0130\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0402\/0130\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyzszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIFE12 ENV\/PL\/000056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE12 ENV\/PL\/000056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["0402\/0130\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0402\/0130\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LIFE12 ENV\/PL\/000056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE12 ENV\/PL\/000056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-cost sensors are an opportunity to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of particulate matter data. However, such sensors should be calibrated under conditions close to the final ones before any monitoring actions. The paper presents the results of a collocated comparison of four models of low-cost optical sensors with a TEOM 1400a analyser. SDS011 (Nova Fitness), ZH03A (Winsen), PMS7003 (Plantower), and OPC-N2 (Alphasense) sensors were used in this research. Three copies of each sensor model were placed in a common box to compare the sensor performance under the same measurement conditions. Monitoring of the PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> fraction was conducted for almost half a year from 21 August 2017 to 19 February 2018 in Wroc\u0142aw (Poland). Reproducibility between sensor units was assessed on the basis of coefficient of variation (CV). CV values were lower than 7% in the case of SDS011 and PMS7003 sensors and equal to 20% for OPC-N2 units. CV was higher than 50% for ZH03A, mainly due to malfunctions. During the measurements, the trends of outputs from sensors were generally similar to TEOM data, but significant overestimation of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentrations was observed for the sensor raw data. A high linear relationship between TEOM and sensors was noticed for 1\u2009min, 15\u2009min, and 1-hour averaged data for PMS7003 sensors (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>\u2248<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.83<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u20130.89), for SDS011 units (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>\u2248<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.79<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u20130.86), and for one unit of ZH03A (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>\u2248<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.74<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u20130.81). <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math> values for daily averages were at the level 0.91\u20130.93 for PMS7003, 0.87\u20130.90 for SDS011, and 0.89 for ZH03A. OPC-N2 had only a moderate linear relationship with TEOM (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>\u2248<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.53<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u20130.69 for daily data and 0.43\u20130.61 for shorter time averages). Quite large dispersion of data and high relative errors of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> estimation were observed for concentration ranges below 20\u201330\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. The impact of high relative humidity level was observed for SDS011 and OPC-N2 devices\u2014clear overestimation of outputs was observed above 80% RH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5096540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T23:30:50Z","timestamp":1541028650000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Evaluation of Low-Cost Sensors for Ambient PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-0799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marek","family":"Badura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Air Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-373 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Batog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSYSPOM, 54-427 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Anetta","family":"Drzeniecka-Osiadacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 51-621 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Modzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Science and Environmental Management, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 51-621 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0203-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60617-6"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2013.850127"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.11.019"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es4022602"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.007"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.01.013"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081922"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.10.001"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527610013.ch2b"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.266"},{"key":"18","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Low 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