{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:40:47Z","timestamp":1784238047392,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> The features of the portal hypertension enteropathy (PHE) vary from mild mucosal changes to varices with or without bleeding. The prevalence and the development are not fully understood.<jats:italic> Aim.<\/jats:italic> Our aim is to examine the prevalence and the different manifestations of PHE using video capsule endoscopy (VCE).<jats:italic> Methods.<\/jats:italic> It is a single center retrospective study of patients with cirrhosis, who had VCE. Based on the published literature, we divided the PHE lesions into vascular lesions and mucosal lesions.<jats:italic> Results.<\/jats:italic> Of the 100 patients with cirrhosis that had a VCE study, the mean age was 62.82 years. Male gender was predominant (64%), while Caucasians represented 82% of the cohort. The most common etiology of cirrhosis was chronic alcohol abuse followed by chronic hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. VCE detected small bowel lesions in 71% of the patients while the features of PHE were found in 65% from the total cohort. AVMs and inflammatory changes were the most common findings, followed by bleeding. More than 50% of the lesions were vascular in nature. The risk of finding PHE in decompensated cirrhosis is twice that in compensated cirrhosis. Forty-five patients had negative EGD exam for any active bleeding, esophageal varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, or gastric varices. Of these, 69% had features of PHE in their VCE.<jats:italic> Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> VCE detected small bowel lesions in 71% of our cohort. There is a high prevalence of PHE in decompensated cirrhosis. Vascular lesions are the most common finding in the small bowel of this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5109689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T19:52:26Z","timestamp":1541101946000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Video Capsule Endoscopy in the Assessment of Portal Hypertensive Enteropathy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-4134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasir","family":"Al-Azzawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 55 North Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Spaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-5922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joan","family":"Kheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.039"},{"key":"2","first-page":"756","volume":"74","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000208"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.03.007"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60383-9"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(05)01588-9"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2198-1"},{"key":"8","volume":"2016","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Research and Practice"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i2.127"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.10-14"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2502-z"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01540178"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(89)72898-4"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/534871"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2006.01.019"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02049-8"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)00883-7"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870416"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2018\/5109689.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2018\/5109689.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2018\/5109689.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T19:52:28Z","timestamp":1541101948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2018\/5109689\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["5109689","5109689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5109689","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3448","2090-3456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-3448","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-3456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}}}