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Published data has demonstrated that among patients with DIHS\/DRESS, 75\u201395% have leukocytosis, 18.2\u201390% show atypical lymphocytes, 52\u201395% have eosinophilia, and 75\u2013100% have hepatic abnormalities. Histologically, eosinophils were observed less frequently than we expected (20%). The mainstay of DIHS\/DRESS treatment is a moderate dose of systemic corticosteroids, followed by gradual dose reduction. In this review, we will emphasize that elevations in the levels of several cytokines\/chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC\/CCL17), during the early stage of disease, are good markers allowing the early recognition of HHV-6 reactivation. TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and TARC levels also reflect therapeutic responses and may be useful markers of the DIHS disease process. Recently, the pathogenic mechanism of T-cell activation triggered by human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) restricted presentation of a drug or metabolites was elucidated. Additionally, we recently reported that dapsone would fit within the unique subpocket of the antigen-recognition site of HLA-B<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow\/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u2217<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>13:01. 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