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Perioperative pain management in these patients presents a particular challenge considering the multiple sources and pathways for acute and chronic pain that are involved, such as chronic ischemic limb pain, postoperative residual limb pain, coexisting musculoskeletal pain, phantom limb sensations, and chronic phantom limb pain. These pain mechanisms are explored and a proposed protocol for multimodal analgesia is outlined taking into account the common patient comorbidities found in this patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5237040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]],"date-time":"2018-06-03T19:32:12Z","timestamp":1528054332000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development of a Multimodal Analgesia Protocol for Perioperative Acute Pain Management for Lower Limb Amputation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5388-7758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberta","family":"De Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Pain Service, Alberta Health Services, Department of Anesthesia, Peter Lougheed Centre, 3500-26 Avenue NE, Calgary, AB, Canada T1Y 6J4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander 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