{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:20:13Z","timestamp":1790014813203,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With advances in refractive surgery and demand for cataract removal and lens replacement, the ocular use of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has increased. One of the most commonly used NSAIDs is diclofenac (Diclo). In this study, cyclodextrins (CDs), <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010, and HP\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010CDs, were investigated with <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> irritation and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> ulceration models in rabbits to reduce Diclo toxicity. Diclo\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010, and HP\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010CD inclusion complexes were prepared and characterized and Diclo\u2010CD complexes were evaluated for corneal permeation, red blood cell (RBCs) haemolysis, corneal opacity\/permeability, and toxicity. Guest\u2010 (Diclo\u2010) host (CD) solid inclusion complexes were formed only with <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010, and HP\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010CDs. Amphipathic properties for Diclo were recorded and this surfactant\u2010like functionality might contribute to the unwanted effects of Diclo on the surface of the eye. Contact angle and spreading coefficients were used to assess Diclo\u2010CDs in solution. Reduction of ocular toxicity 3\u2010fold to16\u2010fold and comparable corneal permeability to free Diclo were recorded only with Diclo\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010CD and Diclo\u2010HP\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010CD complexes. These two complexes showed faster healing rates without scar formation compared with exposure to the Diclo solution and to untreated groups. This study also highlighted that Diclo\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010CD and Diclo\u2010HP\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010CD demonstrated fast healing without scar formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5260976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T23:33:07Z","timestamp":1518564787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Cyclodextrin Enhances Corneal Tolerability and Reduces Ocular Toxicity Caused by Diclofenac"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Hamdy","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Fathalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam","family":"Moharram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha F. 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