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In this paper, we extend our previously proposed efficient genetic algorithm\u2010 (GA\u2010) based beam refinement scheme to include beamforming at both the transmitter and the receiver and compare the performance with alternative approaches in the millimeter wave multiuser multiple\u2010input\u2010multiple\u2010output (MU\u2010MIMO) networks. Taking the millimeter wave communications characteristics and various metrics into account, we investigate the effect of different parameters such as the number of transmit antennas\/users\/per\u2010user receive antennas, beamforming resolutions, and hardware impairments on the system performance employing different beam refinement algorithms. As shown, our proposed GA\u2010based approach performs well in delay\u2010constrained networks with multiantenna users. Compared to the considered state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art schemes, our method reaches the highest service outage\u2010constrained end\u2010to\u2010end throughput with considerably less implementation complexity. Moreover, taking the users\u2019 mobility into account, our GA\u2010based approach can remarkably reduce the beam refinement delay at low\/moderate speeds when the spatial correlation is taken into account. Finally, we compare the cases of collaborative users and noncollaborative users and evaluate their difference in system performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5817120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T23:31:36Z","timestamp":1528155096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genetic Algorithm\u2010Based Beam Refinement for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Mobile Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1631-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Makki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2579-9002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CudakM. 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