{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:10:18Z","timestamp":1777029018439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529971200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Study of Standard Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Tinnitus Patients","award":["150134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150134"]}]},{"name":"Health and Family Planning Commission of Sichuan Province","award":["150134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and sustained effects of tinnitus educational counseling on chronic primary tinnitus and related problems. A descriptive longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 159 adult patients suffering from chronic primary tinnitus and sleep problems. All patients received tinnitus educational counseling, sleep adjustment, and vegan dietary advice. At short-term assessment within 3 months and long-term follow-up at 6\u201326 months, perceived changes in tinnitus were assessed with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ), respectively. In TEQ, the volume of subjective tinnitus was scored according to realistic environments in which tinnitus could be heard. Sleep quality was assessed with questionnaires developed in our laboratory. Most of the subjects showed significant early improvement in their THI scores (96\/159, 60.38%; from 46.11 \u00b1 22.74 to 31.94 \u00b1 20.41,<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>= 11.16,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001, Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>= 0.66). Tinnitus volume (39\/159, 24.53%, from 2,2 to 2,1,<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>= -3.56,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) and sleep quality (68\/159, 42.77%; from 7.13 \u00b1 3.11 to 6.31 \u00b1 2.75,<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>= 3.73,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001, Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>= 0.28) were also improved. Long-term follow-up TEQ results indicated that tinnitus loudness, the impact of tinnitus on sleep, concentration, and emotional state were all improved since the prior consultation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.001, 0.026, 0.012, and &lt;0.001). Short-term improvement of tinnitus severity correlated directly with improvement of sleep quality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14\u20130.64,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.002), initial THI score (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.006), compliance with sleep advice (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.02\u20135.05,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.044), and nervous disposition (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.25\u20136.30,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.013). A future randomized controlled trial would be carried out to examine the effect of sole tinnitus educational counseling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6032525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T23:32:26Z","timestamp":1530055946000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Educational Counseling as Solitary Therapy for Chronic Primary Tinnitus and Related Problems"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Yu-Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Hearing Center, Guizhou Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guiyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5430-1736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0399-6064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 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